Original Author: Zhang Gaoyuan
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    U.S. and Western Intelligence Assurance Practices in the Russia-Ukraine Conflict and Their Lessons                  
    
          
              
              美西方在俄乌冲突中的情报保障实践及其启示
              Zhang Gaoyuan, a security scholar at Peking University, draws lessons for China amid what she terms the digital transformation of intelligence gathering. Zhang argues dual-use technology such as drones and Starlink satellites, open-source social media information, and efforts by non-combatants have been pivotal in guaranteeing Ukraine a steady flow of battlefield intelligence. As a prognosis for China, she promotes greater research into the opportunities and risks digital technologies present for intelligence acquisition and security.