China’s flagship overseas infrastructure investment project, the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), is entering its second decade. As is evident from recently translated Chinese scholarship on the future of the BRI, Chinese experts diagnose major risks, as well as opportunities, for the initiative going forward, including growing skepticism of Beijing’s objectives among host partner countries. Here, regional analysts explore how countries in Africa, Central Asia, Latin America, South Asia, and Southeast Asia are conceptualizing the future of the BRI and their involvement in the years ahead.

Drawing on newly translated scholarship, leading experts analyze China’s evolving relationships in Africa, both in terms of economic engagement with individual states and interactions with fellow major powers on the continent.