Population development is a matter of great importance to the development of the Chinese nation. To put into practice the spirit of the 19th Party Congress and its second, third, fourth, and fifth plenary sessions and to promote long-term, balanced population development, the following decision has been made with regard to improving birth policies, implementing a policy that allows couples to have three children, removing restrictive measures such as the social upbringing fee, reviewing and repealing related penalty provisions, and implementing supporting measures to encourage births (hereinafter referred to as the three-child policy and supporting measures).
人口发展是关系中华民族发展的大事情。为贯彻落实党的十九大和十九届二中、三中、四中、五中全会精神,促进人口长期均衡发展,现就优化生育政策,实施一对夫妻可以生育三个子女政策,并取消社会抚养费等制约措施、清理和废止相关处罚规定,配套实施积极生育支持措施(以下简称实施三孩生育政策及配套支持措施),作出如下决定。
I. Fully Recognize the Significance of Improving Birth Policies and Promoting Long-Term and Balanced Population Growth
一、充分认识优化生育政策、促进人口长期均衡发展的重大意义
The Party and the state have always adhered to a holistic approach to population and development, a scientific understanding of the laws of population development, and the basic policy of family planning, which have propelled economic growth and social progress and laid a solid foundation for building a moderately prosperous society in all respects. Since the 18th Party Congress, the Central Committee has attached great importance to population issues and, in light of the changing situation of China’s population, made a momentous decision to adjust and improve birth policies step by step to facilitate long-term and balanced population development, with notable success having been achieved on all fronts. Currently, it is of great significance to introduce the three-child policy and supporting measures in order to further adapt to new changes in the population structure and meet the requirements of high-quality development.
党和国家始终坚持人口与发展综合决策,科学把握人口发展规律,坚持计划生育基本国策,有力促进了经济发展和社会进步,为全面建成小康社会奠定了坚实基础。党的十八大以来,党中央高度重视人口问题,根据我国人口发展变化形势,作出逐步调整完善生育政策、促进人口长期均衡发展的重大决策,各项工作取得显著成效。当前,进一步适应人口形势新变化和推动高质量发展新要求,实施三孩生育政策及配套支持措施,具有重大意义。
(i) The three-child policy and supporting measures will help improve the population structure and contribute to the national strategy of actively addressing population aging. Population aging is a general global trend and a serious challenge for China’s development. China is expected to become an aged society during the 14th Five-Year Plan period and a superaged society by around 2035, which will have far-reaching implications for all areas of economic activities, social development, and culture. Implementing the three-child policy and supporting measures will help unlock the birth potential, slow down population aging, promote intergenerational harmony, and enhance the overall vitality of society.
(一)有利于改善人口结构,落实积极应对人口老龄化国家战略。老龄化是全球性人口发展大趋势,也是我国发展面临的重大挑战。预计“十四五”期间我国人口将进入中度老龄化阶段,2035年前后进入重度老龄化阶段,将对经济运行全领域、社会建设各环节、社会文化多方面产生深远影响。实施三孩生育政策及配套支持措施,有利于释放生育潜能,减缓人口老龄化进程,促进代际和谐,增强社会整体活力。
(ii) The three-child policy and supporting measures will help maintain China’s advantage in human resource endowments and tackle major changes in the world unseen in a century. Population is the mainstay of society’s development and a critical factor in sustainable economic development. Implementing the three-child policy and supporting measures will help maintain an appropriate total population and labor force size in the future, enable better utilization of the fundamental, overarching, and strategic role of the population factor, and provide effective support for high-quality development in the forms of human capital and domestic demand.
(二)有利于保持人力资源禀赋优势,应对世界百年未有之大变局。人口是社会发展的主体,也是影响经济可持续发展的关键变量。实施三孩生育政策及配套支持措施,有利于未来保持适度人口总量和劳动力规模,更好发挥人口因素的基础性、全局性、战略性作用,为高质量发展提供有效人力资本支撑和内需支撑。
(iii) The three-child policy and supporting measures will help alleviate the downward trend in total fertility rate and achieve an appropriate fertility level. The general public has, on the whole, come to favor having fewer but better-raised children. Financial burdens, childcare responsibilities, and women’s concerns about career development have become the main obstacles to having children. Implementing the three-child policy and supporting measures and fostering synergy between birth policies and relevant economic and social policies will help more families realize their desires to have children, boosting the fertility rate.
(三)有利于平缓总和生育率下降趋势,推动实现适度生育水平。群众生育观念已总体转向少生优育,经济负担、子女照料、女性对职业发展的担忧等成为制约生育的主要因素。实施三孩生育政策及配套支持措施,促进生育政策与相关经济社会政策同向发力,有利于满足更多家庭的生育意愿,有利于提振生育水平。
(iv) The three-child policy and supporting measures will help consolidate what has been achieved in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and promote harmony between human beings and nature. In the near future, China’s population will remain large; the balance between population and the carrying capacity of the environment will remain tight; and the tension between population and development will remain relatively prominent in areas that have been recently lifted out of poverty and in some ecologically fragile and resource-poor areas. Implementing the three-child policy and supporting measures will help further consolidate the achievements in poverty eradication and in building a moderately prosperous society, contribute to a more rational distribution of the population, and promote the sustainable development of the population in harmony with that of the economy, society, resources, and environment.
(四)有利于巩固全面建成小康社会成果,促进人与自然和谐共生。今后一个时期,我国人口众多的基本国情不会改变,人口与资源环境承载力仍然处于紧平衡状态,脱贫地区以及一些生态脆弱、资源匮乏地区人口与发展矛盾仍然比较突出。实施三孩生育政策及配套支持措施,有利于进一步巩固脱贫攻坚和全面建成小康社会成果,引导人口区域合理分布,促进人口与经济、社会、资源、环境协调可持续发展。
II. Guiding Ideology, Key Principles, and Primary Goals
二、指导思想、主要原则和目标
(v) Guiding Ideology: We must adhere to the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era; ground our efforts in the new development stage, carry through the new development philosophy, and establish a new development pattern; implement the national strategy of actively addressing population aging, implement the three-child policy and supporting measures, reform the service regulatory regime, enhance families’ capacity for development, work to achieve an appropriate fertility level, and promote long-term, balanced population development, so as to provide a solid foundation and enduring driving force for building a modern and powerful socialist nation that is prosperous, democratic, culturally advanced, harmonious, and beautiful, and for realizing the China Dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
(五)指导思想。坚持以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导,立足新发展阶段、贯彻新发展理念、构建新发展格局,实施积极应对人口老龄化国家战略,实施三孩生育政策及配套支持措施,改革服务管理制度,提升家庭发展能力,推动实现适度生育水平,促进人口长期均衡发展,为建设富强民主文明和谐美丽的社会主义现代化强国、实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦提供坚实基础和持久动力。
(vi) Key Principles
(六)主要原则
– Centered on People: In accordance with the people’s hopes and expectations, we must actively and prudently improve birth policies and ensure that they are well coordinated and fair; meet the public’s diverse birth-related needs and consider marriage, childbearing, child-rearing, and education in a holistic manner; and effectively address the public’s concerns, so as to unleash potential fertility and promote family harmony and happiness.
——以人民为中心。顺应人民群众期盼,积极稳妥推进优化生育政策,促进生育政策协调公平,满足群众多元化的生育需求,将婚嫁、生育、养育、教育一体考虑,切实解决群众后顾之忧,释放生育潜能,促进家庭和谐幸福。
– Focused on Balance: We must plan and pursue the promotion of long-term, balanced population development according to the larger interests of the party and country and within the overall context of China’s modernization, taking into account multiple policy objectives and considering issues such as population size, quality, structure, and distribution in an integrated manner, so as to ensure the sustainable development of the population in harmony with that of the economy, society, resources, and environment and promote all-around human development.
——以均衡为主线。把促进人口长期均衡发展摆在全党全国工作大局、现代化建设全局中谋划部署,兼顾多重政策目标,统筹考虑人口数量、素质、结构、分布等问题,促进人口与经济、社会、资源、环境协调可持续发展,促进人的全面发展。
– Driven by Reform: Focusing on the prominent contradictions and issues facing China’s population development and on the strategic plan for modernization, we must deepen reform, put an end to ideas, policies and regulations, and institutional mechanisms that hinder long-term, balanced population development, and improve the capacity for and standard of population governance.
——以改革为动力。着眼于我国人口发展面临的突出矛盾和问题,着眼于现代化建设战略安排,深化改革,破除影响人口长期均衡发展的思想观念、政策法规、体制机制等制约因素,提高人口治理能力和水平。
– Grounded in the Rule of Law: We must ensure that major reforms have a legal basis and are implemented in accordance with the law. We must turn into laws the innovative ideas, reform achievements, and practical experience that the Party has gained in leading the people in resolving population-related issues with an integrated approach, so as to safeguard the people’s legal rights and interests, ensure the steady and long-term progress of population work in the new era, and realize the strategic goals in population development.
——以法治为保障。坚持重大改革于法有据、依法实施,将长期以来党领导人民在统筹解决人口问题方面的创新理念、改革成果、实践经验转化为法律,保障人民群众合法权益,保障新时代人口工作行稳致远,保障人口发展战略目标顺利实现。
(vii) Primary Goals
(七)主要目标
By 2025, China will have basically established a policy system that actively supports births and a relatively complete service regulatory regime; the standard of services for better childbearing and child-rearing will have significantly improved; an inclusive childcare service system will have been developing at an accelerating pace; and the costs of childbearing, child-rearing, and education will have been significantly reduced, with the fertility level moderately increasing, the sex ratio of newborns becoming more balanced, the population structure gradually improving, and the quality of the population further rising.
到2025年,积极生育支持政策体系基本建立,服务管理制度基本完备,优生优育服务水平明显提高,普惠托育服务体系加快建设,生育、养育、教育成本显著降低,生育水平适当提高,出生人口性别比趋于正常,人口结构逐步优化,人口素质进一步提升。
By 2035, China will have further refined the policy and regulatory framework for promoting long-term, balanced population development; the service regulation mechanism will be operating efficiently; and fertility will have reached a more ideal level, with the population structure further improving. The standard of services associated with childbearing, childcare, and child-rearing will have satisfied the people’s needs for a better life; families’ capacity for development will have significantly improved; and even more substantial progress will have been made in all-round human development.
到2035年,促进人口长期均衡发展的政策法规体系更加完善,服务管理机制运转高效,生育水平更加适度,人口结构进一步改善。优生优育、幼有所育服务水平与人民群众对美好生活的需要相适应,家庭发展能力明显提高,人的全面发展取得更为明显的实质性进展。
III. Effectively Implement the Three-Child Policy
三、组织实施好三孩生育政策
(viii) Implement the three-child policy in accordance with the law. Amend the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Population and Family Planning, advocate marriage and childbirth at an appropriate age and better childbearing and rearing, and implement the three-child policy. Each province (autonomous region, municipality directly under the central government) shall ensure policy alignment and implement the three-child policy in accordance with the law, while taking account of the local situation of population development, conditions for carrying out this work, and risks in policy implementation.
(八)依法实施三孩生育政策。修改《中华人民共和国人口与计划生育法》,提倡适龄婚育、优生优育,实施三孩生育政策。各省(自治区、直辖市)综合考虑本地区人口发展形势、工作基础和政策实施风险,做好政策衔接,依法组织实施。
(ix) Remove restrictive measures such as the social upbringing fee. Abolish the social upbringing fee and review and repeal related penalty provisions. The number of children that an individual has shall no longer have any relevance in household registration, school enrollment, and employment. Properly handle legacy issues in accordance with laws and regulations. In areas where the tension between population development and the economy, society, resources, and environment is prominent, it is necessary to step up publicity and guidance, ensure effective coordination between welfare policies and birth policies, and carry out various administrative services with precision.
(九)取消社会抚养费等制约措施。取消社会抚养费,清理和废止相关处罚规定。将入户、入学、入职等与个人生育情况全面脱钩。依法依规妥善处理历史遗留问题。对人口发展与经济、社会、资源、环境矛盾较为突出的地区,加强宣传倡导,促进相关惠民政策与生育政策有效衔接,精准做好各项管理服务。
(x) Establish and improve the population service system. Establish and improve a population service system that covers the entire life cycle, with a focus on the elderly and the young. Strengthen the regulatory system and capacity building of grassroots services and enhance the functions of childcare and elderly care. Ensure the implementation of the birth registration system and provide consultation and guidance on childbearing. Promote a streamlined, one-stop system that simultaneously handles multiple newborn-related administrative tasks, including the issuing of medical birth certificates, child vaccination, household registration, medical insurance enrollment, and social security card application.
(十)建立健全人口服务体系。以“一老一小”为重点,建立健全覆盖全生命周期的人口服务体系。加强基层服务管理体系和能力建设,增强抚幼养老功能。落实生育登记制度,做好生育咨询指导。推进出生医学证明、儿童预防接种、户口登记、医保参保、社保卡申领等“出生一件事”联办。
(xi) Strengthen population monitoring and situation assessment. Improve the national life registration management system and build a population monitoring system that covers the entire population over the whole life cycle, so as to closely monitor the fertility situation and population trends. Realize the integration, sharing, and dynamic update of basic information pertinent to population services, including education, public security, civil affairs, health, medical insurance, and social security, with the help of platforms such as the national population basic information database. Establish a system of indicators for measuring long-term, balanced population development and improve the population forecast and early warning system.
(十一)加强人口监测和形势研判。完善国家生命登记管理制度,健全覆盖全人群、全生命周期的人口监测体系,密切监测生育形势和人口变动趋势。依托国家人口基础信息库等平台,实现教育、公安、民政、卫生健康、医保、社保等人口服务基础信息融合共享、动态更新。建立人口长期均衡发展指标体系,健全人口预测预警制度。
IV. Improve the Standard of Services Associated with Childbearing and Child-Rearing
四、提高优生优育服务水平
(xii) Safeguard maternal and infant health. Fully implement the five systems for maternal and infant safety—screening and assessment of pregnancy risks, special management of high-risk pregnant women, treatment of emergencies and critical conditions, reporting of maternal deaths, and regulatory talks and notices. Carry through the project to safeguard maternal and infant health; step up the standardization and regulation of maternal and infant care providers at all levels; strengthen the capacity for critical maternal and neonatal care and enhance pediatric medicine; bolster the grassroots networks at the county, township, and village levels; and step up efforts to fill the gaps in maternity-related public services. Promote the integration of reproductive health services into the entire process of women’s health management. Enhance the standardization and regulation of child health clinics; improve screening, diagnosis, and intervention in relation to risks and illnesses among children and teenagers, such as myopia, nutritional imbalance, and dental caries. Ensure basic medical coverage for children.
(十二)保障孕产妇和儿童健康。全面落实妊娠风险筛查与评估、高危孕产妇专案管理、危急重症救治、孕产妇死亡个案报告和约谈通报等母婴安全五项制度。实施妇幼健康保障工程,加快推进各级妇幼保健机构标准化建设和规范化管理,加强危重孕产妇、新生儿救治能力及儿科建设,夯实县乡村三级基层网络,加快补齐生育相关公共服务短板。促进生殖健康服务融入妇女健康管理全过程。加强儿童保健门诊标准化、规范化建设,加强对儿童青少年近视、营养不均衡、龋齿等风险因素和疾病的筛查、诊断、干预。做好儿童基本医疗保障工作。
(xiii) Take an integrated approach to the prevention and treatment of birth defects. Improve the network for the prevention and treatment of birth defects and implement the three-tier preventive measures. Raise public awareness and enhance consultation on the prevention of birth defects; enhance premarital healthcare; promote prepregnancy checkups; strengthen prenatal screening and diagnosis; and promote integrated management and services and multidisciplinary cooperation for the prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal periods. Expand the range of diseases covered by newborn screening and facilitate early screening, diagnosis, and treatment. Ensure basic medical assistance and recovery support for children with birth defects.
(十三)综合防治出生缺陷。健全出生缺陷防治网络,落实三级预防措施。加强相关知识普及和出生缺陷防控咨询,强化婚前保健,推进孕前优生健康检查,加强产前筛查和诊断,推动围孕期、产前产后一体化管理服务和多学科协作。扩大新生儿疾病筛查病种范围,促进早筛早诊早治。做好出生缺陷患儿基本医疗和康复救助工作。
(xiv) Regulate the use of human-assisted reproductive technologies. Strengthen planning and guidance, make the technical approval process more rigorous, and build a network of human-assisted reproductive technology services that is well distributed and commensurate with demand. Tighten the supervision of human-assisted reproductive technology services and strictly regulate the application of related technologies. Undertake targeted research on improving fertility and regulate infertility diagnosis and treatment services.
(十四)规范人类辅助生殖技术应用。强化规划引领,严格技术审批,建设供需平衡、布局合理的人类辅助生殖技术服务体系。加强人类辅助生殖技术服务监管,严格规范相关技术应用。开展孕育能力提升专项攻关,规范不孕不育诊治服务。
V. Develop an Inclusive Childcare Service System
五、发展普惠托育服务体系
(xv) Establish and improve a system of supporting policy, standards, and regulations. Incorporate infant and child care services into economic and social development planning, strengthen policy guidance, and encourage the active participation of nongovernmental forces by increasing the support of land, housing, fiscal, financial, and talent policies. Develop comprehensive solutions and establish mechanisms at the level of municipal and prefectural administrative units to boost the healthy development of childcare services. Step up efforts to train childcare professionals and gradually implement a professional qualification system for the industry in accordance with the law. Develop new forms of business such as smart childcare and foster national brands in industries such as childcare, dairy and milk powder, and animation design and production.
(十五)建立健全支持政策和标准规范体系。将婴幼儿照护服务纳入经济社会发展规划,强化政策引导,通过完善土地、住房、财政、金融、人才等支持政策,引导社会力量积极参与。以市地级行政区为单位制定整体解决方案,建立工作机制,推进托育服务健康发展。加大专业人才培养力度,依法逐步实行从业人员职业资格准入制度。发展智慧托育等新业态,培育托育服务、乳粉奶业、动画设计和制作等行业民族品牌。
(xvi) Vigorously develop various forms of inclusive services. Utilize investment from the central government budget as a lead and leverage to promote the construction of convenient and accessible, affordable, and reliable childcare service providers. Encourage employers to provide childcare services for their employees if they are in a position to do so. Encourage state-owned enterprises and other entities to actively participate in the efforts by governments at all levels to establish an inclusive childcare service system. Enhance community childcare service facilities and improve activity areas and service facilities for infants and children in residential communities. Formulate regulations for family childcare homes. Support childcare models such as grandparent care and family mutual aid. Encourage domestic service companies to expand their childcare services. Encourage and support kindergartens in enrolling toddlers aged two to three if they are in a position to do so.
(十六)大力发展多种形式的普惠服务。发挥中央预算内投资的引导和撬动作用,推动建设一批方便可及、价格可接受、质量有保障的托育服务机构。支持有条件的用人单位为职工提供托育服务。鼓励国有企业等主体积极参与各级政府推动的普惠托育服务体系建设。加强社区托育服务设施建设,完善居住社区婴幼儿活动场所和服务设施。制定家庭托育点管理办法。支持隔代照料、家庭互助等照护模式。支持家政企业扩大育儿服务。鼓励和支持有条件的幼儿园招收2至3岁幼儿。
(xvii) Strengthen integrated supervision and regulation. All providers of infant and child care services must comply with national and local standards and regulations and bear the primary responsibility for the health and safety of infants and children. Local governments should assume supervisory responsibilities, establish and improve systems for registration, information disclosure, and evaluation, strengthen dynamic management, and establish emergency response mechanisms for special situations such as the shutdown or closure of a provider.
(十七)加强综合监管。各类机构开展婴幼儿照护服务必须符合国家和地方相关标准和规范,并对婴幼儿安全和健康负主体责任。地方政府要承担监管责任,建立健全登记备案制度、信息公示制度、评估制度,加强动态管理,建立机构关停等特殊情况应急处置机制。
VI. Reduce the Costs of Childbearing, Child-Rearing, and Education
六、降低生育、养育、教育成本
(xviii) Improve the maternity leave and maternity insurance systems. Strictly implement the policies on maternity leave and breastfeeding leave. Encourage regions in a position to do so to pilot parental childcare leave; improve the mechanism for sharing the cost of leave. Continue to ensure the benefits of maternity insurance—such as coverage of maternity medical expenses and maternity allowances—for insured female employees and ensure the coverage of maternity medical expenses for urban and rural residents enrolled in the basic medical insurance program, so as to lessen the burden of maternity medical expenses.
(十八)完善生育休假与生育保险制度。严格落实产假、哺乳假等制度。支持有条件的地方开展父母育儿假试点,健全假期用工成本分担机制。继续做好生育保险对参保女职工生育医疗费用、生育津贴待遇等的保障,做好城乡居民医保参保人生育医疗费用保障,减轻生育医疗费用负担。
(xix) Strengthen supporting policies in areas such as taxation and housing. In conjunction with the next revision of the individual income tax law, study and promote the inclusion of expenses for the care of children under three years old in special additional deductions for individual income tax. Local governments, when allocating public rental housing to eligible families with minor children, can show due consideration in the selection of apartment layouts according to the number of minor children. Local governments can study and formulate policies that provide preferential treatment in home renting and purchasing based on the burden to a family of raising minor children.
(十九)加强税收、住房等支持政策。结合下一步修改个人所得税法,研究推动将3岁以下婴幼儿照护费用纳入个人所得税专项附加扣除。地方政府在配租公租房时,对符合当地住房保障条件且有未成年子女的家庭,可根据未成年子女数量在户型选择等方面给予适当照顾。地方政府可以研究制定根据养育未成年子女负担情况实施差异化租赁和购买房屋的优惠政策。
(xx) Promote educational equity and the supply of high-quality educational resources. Promote the regulation of kindergartens built as part of urban housing developments, continue to increase the coverage rate of affordable kindergartens, and encourage them to appropriately extend operating hours or provide childcare services. Promote urban-rural integration and high-quality and balanced development of compulsory education, so as to effectively tackle the “rush for good schools” problem. Take advantage of the educational resources of schools to comprehensively offer after-school cultural and sports activities, experiential learning projects, and childcare services on the principles of public interest and inclusiveness; encourage the alignment of the end of school hours with the end of parents’ working hours. Improve the quality of in-school teaching and education evaluation; include information such as how often students attend after-school tutoring and how much it costs into the education supervision system. Balance the burden of education between families and schools and strictly regulate after-school tutoring.
(二十)推进教育公平与优质教育资源供给。推进城镇小区配套幼儿园治理,持续提升普惠性幼儿园覆盖率,适当延长在园时长或提供托管服务。推进义务教育优质均衡发展和城乡一体化,有效解决“择校热”难题。依托学校教育资源,以公益普惠为原则,全面开展课后文体活动、社会实践项目和托管服务,推动放学时间与父母下班时间衔接。改进校内教学质量和教育评价,将学生参加课外培训频次、费用等情况纳入教育督导体系。平衡家庭和学校教育负担,严格规范校外培训。
(xxi) Safeguard women’s legal rights and interests in employment. Regulate the recruitment practices of government bodies, public institutions, and companies to promote equal employment for women. Rigorously implement the Special Provisions on Labor Protection of Female Employees and regularly conduct special inspections on the protection of female employees’ maternity rights. Provide reemployment training as a public service for women whose employment has been interrupted by childbearing. Make maternity-friendly practices an important aspect of employers’ social responsibilities, encourage employers to devise measures conducive to work-family balance, and encourage them to negotiate—in accordance with the law—with employees to determine flexible leave and flexible working arrangements conducive to childcare. Amend and improve current policies and regulations on leave and working hours in due course.
(二十一)保障女性就业合法权益。规范机关、企事业等用人单位招录、招聘行为,促进妇女平等就业。落实好《女职工劳动保护特别规定》,定期开展女职工生育权益保障专项督查。为因生育中断就业的女性提供再就业培训公共服务。将生育友好作为用人单位承担社会责任的重要方面,鼓励用人单位制定有利于职工平衡工作和家庭关系的措施,依法协商确定有利于照顾婴幼儿的灵活休假和弹性工作方式。适时对现行有关休假和工作时间的政策规定进行相应修改完善。
VII. Ensure Continuity amid Policy Adjustments
七、加强政策调整有序衔接
(xxii) Safeguard the legal rights and interests of families that have followed the family planning policy. Continue the current reward and support system and preferential policies for families with only one child and rural families with only two daughters born before the shift to the universal two-child policy. Explore setting up a caregiver leave system for only children to care for their parents. Strengthen legislation to protect the legal rights and interests of families that have complied with the party and government’s call for family planning.
(二十二)维护好计划生育家庭合法权益。对全面两孩政策调整前的独生子女家庭和农村计划生育双女家庭,继续实行现行各项奖励扶助制度和优惠政策。探索设立独生子女父母护理假制度。加强立法,保障响应党和国家号召、实行计划生育家庭的合法权益。
(xxiii) Establish and improve a system of comprehensive support for families that have practiced family planning but later encountered special difficulties [i.e., whose only children are disabled or dead]. Dynamically adjust the level of support according to factors such as the level of economic and social development. Ensure the implementation of relevant policies on the basic pension and basic medical insurance for eligible members of such families; prioritize them for admission to public elderly care facilities and provide them with free or low-cost care services; prioritize those with housing difficulties for housing support programs. If possible, regions can grant a care allowance to elderly people in such families who are unable to live independently and are in financial difficulty. Secure the necessary funds for providing support; if possible, regions can explore setting up public welfare funds or foundations with a focus on assisting families that have practiced family planning but later encountered special difficulties.
(二十三)建立健全计划生育特殊家庭全方位帮扶保障制度。根据经济社会发展水平等因素,实行特别扶助制度扶助标准动态调整。对符合条件的计划生育特殊家庭成员,落实基本养老、基本医疗保障相关政策;优先安排入住公办养老机构,提供无偿或低收费托养服务;对住房困难的,优先纳入住房保障。有条件的地方可对计划生育特殊家庭成员中的生活长期不能自理、经济困难的老年人发放护理补贴。落实好扶助所需资金,有条件的地方可探索建立公益金或基金,重点用于帮扶计划生育特殊家庭。
(xxiv) Establish and improve a government-led support and care mechanism with civil society organizations’ participation. Encourage qualified civil society organizations to accept—through open bidding—the entrustment of families that have practiced family planning but later encountered special difficulties to provide them with services such as custodial and emotional care and, in accordance with the law, handle on their behalf matters such as admission to elderly care facilities and accompaniment to medical appointments. Thoroughly carry out the “Heartwarming Campaign.” Establish a system of routine visits, provide a two-person point of contact for families that have practiced family planning but later encountered special difficulties, and weave a robust safety net of support.
(二十四)建立健全政府主导、社会组织参与的扶助关怀工作机制。通过公开招投标方式,支持有资质的社会组织接受计划生育特殊家庭委托,开展生活照料、精神慰藉等服务,依法代办入住养老机构、就医陪护等事务。深入开展“暖心行动”。建立定期巡访制度,落实计划生育特殊家庭“双岗”联系人制度,扎牢织密帮扶安全网。
VIII. Strengthen the Organizational Safeguards for the Implementation of the Policies
八、强化组织实施保障
(xxv) Strengthen the Party’s leadership. Party committees and governments at all levels must reinforce their political stance; heighten their awareness of national conditions and policies; make sure that their top leaders personally take charge and assume overall responsibility; adhere to and improve the target-oriented accountability system; strengthen overall planning, policy coordination, and work implementation; work to introduce supporting measures to encourage births; and ensure that responsibilities are defined, that measures are put in place, that necessary resources are invested, and that implementation is effective.
(二十五)加强党的领导。各级党委和政府要提高政治站位,增强国情、国策意识,坚持一把手亲自抓、负总责,坚持和完善目标管理责任制,加强统筹规划、政策协调和工作落实,推动出台积极生育支持措施,确保责任到位、措施到位、投入到位、落实到位。
(xxvi) Mobilize social forces. Strengthen collaborative governance between the government and society and fully leverage the important role of mass organizations such as trade unions, the Communist Youth League, and the All-China Women’s Federation in promoting population development, family building, and maternity support. Actively bring into play the role of family planning associations, step up grassroots capacity building, and efficiently perform tasks such as publicity and education, reproductive health consultation, guidance on better childbearing and child-rearing, assistance to families that have practiced family planning, protection of rights and interests, and promotion of family health. Encourage civil society organizations to carry out public welfare activities such as raising health literacy and providing infant and child care services. Launch initiatives to boost urban vitality, with the aims of meeting the everyday needs of the elderly and creating a healthy environment for the growth of infants and children.
(二十六)动员社会力量。加强政府和社会协同治理,充分发挥工会、共青团、妇联等群团组织在促进人口发展、家庭建设、生育支持等方面的重要作用。积极发挥计划生育协会作用,加强基层能力建设,做好宣传教育、生殖健康咨询服务、优生优育指导、计划生育家庭帮扶、权益维护、家庭健康促进等工作。鼓励社会组织开展健康知识普及、婴幼儿照护服务等公益活动。以满足老年人生活需求和营造婴幼儿健康成长环境为导向,开展活力发展城市创建活动。
(xxvii) Advance strategic research. Continue to advance research on the national medium- and long-term population development strategy and regional population development planning, so as to build a strong modern socialist country and achieve the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation; improve the spatial distribution of the population; and optimize the allocation of human resources. Strengthen the development of population studies and theoretical frameworks with Chinese characteristics in the new era, build up high-end think tanks for population studies, and promote international exchange and cooperation.
(二十七)深化战略研究。面向建设社会主义现代化强国和实现中华民族伟大复兴,持续深化国家人口中长期发展战略和区域人口发展规划研究,完善人口空间布局,优化人力资源配置。加强新时代中国特色人口学科和理论体系建设,发展人口研究高端智库,促进国际交流合作。
(xxviii) Provide effective publicity and guidance. Step up efforts to publicize and explain policies; align the thoughts and actions of all regions and government departments and the whole society with the major decisions and plans of the Party Central Committee; help all sectors of society to correctly understand the structural changes in China’s population; promote mainstream values and channel positive energy; promptly and appropriately respond to concerns in society; and create a favorable atmosphere. Promote the traditional virtues of the Chinese nation; respect the social value of childbirth; advocate marriage and childbirth at an appropriate age and better childbearing and rearing; encourage couples to share child-rearing responsibilities; and break with outdated customs such as exorbitant betrothal gifts and foster a new culture of marriage and childbearing.
(二十八)做好宣传引导。加强政策宣传解读,把各地区各部门和全社会的思想行动统一到党中央重大决策部署上来,引导社会各界正确认识人口的结构性变化,弘扬主旋律、汇聚正能量,及时妥善回应社会关切,营造良好氛围。弘扬中华民族传统美德,尊重生育的社会价值,提倡适龄婚育、优生优育,鼓励夫妻共担育儿责任,破除高价彩礼等陈规陋习,构建新型婚育文化。
(xxix) Strengthen work supervision and inspection. Each province (autonomous region, municipality directly under the central government) must formulate implementation plans in accordance with the requirements of this decision, rigorously perform the tasks, and study and tackle incipient problems and adverse trends in a timely manner, so as to ensure that the improved birth policies yield positive results. The party committee and government of each province (autonomous region, municipality directly under the central government) shall give an annual update on the local situation of population work to the Central Committee and the State Council, which will conduct inspections as appropriate.
(二十九)加强工作督导。各省(自治区、直辖市)要按照本决定要求,制定实施方案,狠抓任务落实,及时研究解决苗头性、倾向性问题,确保优化生育政策取得积极成效。各省(自治区、直辖市)党委和政府每年要向党中央、国务院报告本地区人口工作情况,中央将适时开展督查。