准确把握新发展阶段
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Accurately Understanding the New Stage of Development 

准确把握新发展阶段

A commentary detailing the theoretical underpinnings, risks, opportunities, and practical tasks for Xi’s vision of China’s path into a new stage of development, connecting them to the guiding principles from the 5th Plenum – which approved China’s economic plan and goals through 2035 as stated in the 14th Five-Year Plan.


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Editors: General Secretary Xi Jinping has noted: “Grounding ourselves in the new stage of development, applying the new development concept, creating a new development pattern, and promoting high-quality development—these are tasks that the whole party and the whole country must grasp in the present and future periods.” The Outline of the 14th Five-Year Plan and Long-Range Objectives through 2035 deeply implements the spirit of the Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th Party Congress, fully implements the requirements for “grounding ourselves in the new stage of development, applying the new development concept, and creating a new development pattern,” and draws up the overall blueprint for building China into a modernized socialist country in an all-round way. In order to completely, correctly and comprehensively understand and grasp the theoretical connotations and practical requirements of grounding ourselves in the new stage of development, applying the new development concept, creating a new development pattern and building China into a modernized socialist country in an all-round way, this paper is launching a series of articles by Ren Lixuan, starting today.

编者:习近平总书记指出:“立足新发展阶段、贯彻新发展理念、构建新发展格局,推动高质量发展,是当前和今后一个时期全党全国必须抓紧抓好的工作。”“十四五”规划和2035年远景目标纲要深入贯彻党的十九届五中全会精神,全面落实“立足新发展阶段、贯彻新发展理念、构建新发展格局”要求,擘画全面建设社会主义现代化国家的宏伟蓝图。为了完整、准确、全面理解把握立足新发展阶段、贯彻新发展理念、构建新发展格局、开启全面建设社会主义现代化国家新征程的理论内涵和实践要求,本报从今天起推出任理轩系列文章。

To draw up the overall blueprint, it is necessary to correctly understand our current historical position; and to promote economic and social development, it is necessary to correctly understand the development stage in which we have entered. A correct understanding of the historical position and development stage in which the causes of the Party and the people are situated is a fundamental basis on which the Party clarifies central stage-specific-tasks and sets guidelines, principles and policies. The Fifth Plenary Session determined that China, having accomplished the first centennial objective of establishing a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way, we must build on this achievement to embark on a new journey toward the second centennial objective of building a modernized socialist country in all respects. This signified that China had entered a new stage of development. General Secretary Xi Jinping has said: “Entrance into the new stage of development has clarified the historical position of China’s development.” Our entrance into a new stage of development is the strategic judgment made by the CCP Central Committee, with Xi Jinping as its core, through scientific analysis of the basic characteristics of the primary stage of socialism and a profound grasp of the general domestic and international development situations. As such, it has a profound basis in theory, history and reality. We must deeply understand and accurately grasp the new stage of development by combining history and current reality, theory and practice, domestic and international.

擘画发展宏伟蓝图,必须正确认识当下的历史方位;推动经济社会发展,必须正确认识所处的发展阶段。正确认识党和人民事业所处的历史方位和发展阶段,是我们党明确阶段性中心任务、制定路线方针政策的根本依据,也是我们党领导革命、建设、改革不断取得胜利的重要经验。党的十九届五中全会提出,全面建成小康社会、实现第一个百年奋斗目标之后,我们要乘势而上开启全面建设社会主义现代化国家新征程、向第二个百年奋斗目标进军,这标志着我国进入了一个新发展阶段。习近平总书记指出:“进入新发展阶段明确了我国发展的历史方位”。进入新发展阶段,是以习近平同志为核心的党中央科学分析社会主义初级阶段基本特征、深刻把握国内国际发展大势作出的战略判断,有着深刻的理论依据、历史依据、现实依据。我们要从历史与现实、理论与实践、国内与国际相结合上深刻认识和准确把握新发展阶段。

A major leap in the historic process of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation

中华民族伟大复兴历史进程的大跨越

The development of a major power and the rejuvenation of its great people are a long-term historical process, and it is inevitable that these overall objectives must be approached step by step, with balance between staging and sequencing, and consistency between quantitative and qualitative changes. General Secretary Xi Jinping has stressed: “The new stage of development is a historic new stage in which our Party will lead the people to usher in a great leap from standing on our feet and becoming prosperous to growing powerful.” In the century since the founding of the Chinese Communist Party, all of the struggles that it has united and led the Chinese people in carrying out have been in order to build China into a modern power and achieve the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. The course of those struggles has consisted of a series of successive development stages. After tireless efforts and courageous pioneering, China today has entered a new stage of development.

一个大国的发展、一个伟大民族的复兴,是一个长期的历史进程,必然要在阶段性与连续性相统一、量变与质变相承接中一步步接近宏伟目标。习近平总书记强调:“新发展阶段是我们党带领人民迎来从站起来、富起来到强起来历史性跨越的新阶段。”中国共产党成立100年来,团结带领中国人民所进行的一切奋斗,就是为了把我国建设成为现代化强国,实现中华民族伟大复兴。这一奋斗历程由一系列发展阶段接续组成。经过不懈努力、奋勇开拓,今天,我国进入了新发展阶段。

Why do we say China has entered a new stage of development? By scientifically analyzing the dynamic development process of the primary stage of socialism, one can have a deeper understanding of the theoretical basis for China’s entry into a new stage of development.

为什么说我国进入了新发展阶段?科学分析社会主义初级阶段的动态发展过程,就会对我国进入新发展阶段的理论依据有更深刻的领悟。

Marxists believe in the unity of historical necessity and development stages, and in combining ambitious ideals with realistic goals. They firmly believe that human society will inevitably move toward communism, but the realization of this lofty goal must go through several historical stages. In applying the basic principles of Marxism to resolve China’s actual problems in practice, our Party has come to realize that the development of socialism is not only a long-term historical process, but also a process that must be divided into different historical stages. In the process of pioneering the path of socialism with a Chinese characteristics, our Party proposed that China is in the primary stage of socialism, and will be for a long time. It is only by scientifically grasping this greatest of national conditions, and being firmly grounded in this greatest reality, that the Party’s theory and its lines, principles and policies can keep pace with the times, being neither behind the times, nor out of touch with reality or overshooting stages. General Secretary Xi Jinping has pointed out: “The primary stage of socialism is not a static, changeless, stagnant stage, nor is it a spontaneous, passive stage that can be crossed naturally with little effort. Rather, it is a dynamic, active process that is overflowing with vigor and energy. It is a process of accumulative and evolving change, step-by-step progression, and continuous development and progress, that is ever-approaching in quality and makes quantum leaps in quantity.” Our party has led the people in the successive promotion of socialist modernization, and the primary stage of socialism has continuously presented new characteristics and risen to new levels. The new development stage is a stage in the primary stage of socialism. At the same time, it is a stage that stands at a new starting point following decades of accumulation.

马克思主义者是坚持远大理想和现实目标相结合、历史必然性和发展阶段性相统一的统一论者,坚信人类社会必然走向共产主义,但实现这一崇高目标必然要经历若干历史阶段。我们党在运用马克思主义基本原理解决中国实际问题的实践中逐步认识到,社会主义发展不仅是一个长期历史过程,而且是需要划分为不同历史阶段的过程。在开辟中国特色社会主义道路的进程中,我们党提出我国处于并将长期处于社会主义初级阶段。只有科学把握这个最大国情、牢牢立足这个最大实际,党的理论和路线方针政策才能与时俱进,既不落后于时代,又不脱离实际、超越阶段。习近平总书记指出:“社会主义初级阶段不是一个静态、一成不变、停滞不前的阶段,也不是一个自发、被动、不用费多大气力自然而然就可以跨过的阶段,而是一个动态、积极有为、始终洋溢着蓬勃生机活力的过程,是一个阶梯式递进、不断发展进步、日益接近质的飞跃的量的积累和发展变化的过程。”我们党带领人民接续推进社会主义现代化建设,社会主义初级阶段不断呈现新特征、迈上新台阶。新发展阶段是社会主义初级阶段中的一个阶段,同时是其中经过几十年积累、站到了新的起点上的一个阶段。

The new development stage is an important stage in the development process of China’s socialism, and our entering the new stage of development is the result of our Party’s having led the people in forging ahead and being active in the primary stage of socialism. In the new stage of development, building China into modernized socialist country is not only a requirement for the development of China in the primary stage of socialism, but is also a requirement for China’s socialism to advance from the primary stage to a higher stage.

新发展阶段是我国社会主义发展进程中的一个重要阶段,进入新发展阶段是我们党带领人民在社会主义初级阶段奋发进取、积极有为的结果。在新发展阶段全面建设社会主义现代化国家,既是社会主义初级阶段我国发展的要求,也是我国社会主义从初级阶段向更高阶段迈进的要求。

Why do we say China has entered a new stage of development? By examining the time scope of the new stage of development when placed on the time axis of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, one can have a deeper understanding of the historical basis of China’s entry into the new stage of development.

为什么说我国进入了新发展阶段?把新发展阶段这一时间范畴置于中国推进社会主义现代化、实现中华民族伟大复兴的时间轴上来考察,就会对我国进入新发展阶段的历史依据有更深刻的认识。

In modern times, the Chinese people have tenaciously and painstakingly explored the road to modernization and national revitalization. However, under the conditions of semi-colonial, semi-feudal society, China’s modernization did not and could not achieve success. It was only after the CCP led the Chinese people to victory in the New Democratic Revolution and founded New China that a whole new prospect opened up for China’s modernization. In his opening speech at the First Session of the First National People’s Congress in 1954, Comrade Mao Zedong emphasized: “Prepare to build our country, as economically and culturally backward as it is now, into a great industrialized country with a highly modern culture within a few five-year plans.” In 1964, in the Government Work Report made for the First Session of the Third National People’s Congress, Comrade Zhou Enlai proposed, “We must, within a short historical period, build China into a strong socialist country with modern agriculture, modern industry, modern national defense and modern science and technology.” After reform and opening up, Comrade Deng Xiaoping made strategic arrangements for China’s socialist modernization, proposing the “three-step” strategic goals. With the advancement of socialist modernization, on the foundation of having previously achieved the two goals of solving the people’s food and clothing problems and reaching a moderately prosperous standard of living overall, and in accordance with China’s actual development, our Party condensed its goals into the “two centennial” objectives: to establish a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way by the centennial of the founding of the Party, and to build China into a modernized socialist superpower that is rich, strong, democratic, civilized, harmonious and beautiful by the centennial of the founding of New China. The “two centennial” objectives are a concentrated and distinctive expression of China’s modernization goals. The next 30 years will be a new stage of development in which we complete our historic ambition of building a modernized socialist country.

近代以来,中国人民不屈不挠,苦苦探索现代化和民族复兴之路。但是,在半殖民地半封建社会的条件下,中国现代化没有也不可能取得成功。中国共产党带领中国人民取得新民主主义革命胜利、建立新中国,中国的现代化才展现出全新的图景。1954年,毛泽东同志在第一届全国人民代表大会第一次会议上致开幕词时强调:“准备在几个五年计划之内,将我们现在这样一个经济上文化上落后的国家,建设成为一个工业化的具有高度现代文化程度的伟大的国家”。1964年,周恩来同志在第三届全国人民代表大会第一次会议上所作的《政府工作报告》中提出:“要在不长的历史时期内,把我国建设成为一个具有现代农业、现代工业、现代国防和现代科学技术的社会主义强国”。改革开放后,邓小平同志对我国社会主义现代化建设作出战略安排,提出“三步走”战略目标。随着社会主义现代化的推进,在解决人民温饱问题、人民生活总体上达到小康水平这两个目标已提前实现的基础上,我们党根据我国发展实际,将党的奋斗目标凝练为“两个一百年”奋斗目标:到建党100年时全面建成小康社会,到新中国成立100年时把我国建成富强民主文明和谐美丽的社会主义现代化强国。“两个一百年”奋斗目标,是中国现代化目标集中而鲜明的体现。未来30年,将是我们完成建设社会主义现代化国家这个历史宏愿的新发展阶段。

Today, the historical position China finds itself in is that it is about to achieve the first centennial objective of establishing a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way, and, riding on that momentum, it is advancing toward the second centennial objective of building a modernized socialist superpower that is rich, strong, democratic, civilized, harmonious and beautiful. Going from “establishing a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way” to “building a modernized socialist superpower” is a major leap in the historical process of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. This stage is undoubtedly a new stage of development.

今天,我国所处的历史方位,是即将全面建成小康社会、实现第一个百年奋斗目标,乘势而上全面建设社会主义现代化国家、向第二个百年奋斗目标进军;我们的奋斗目标,是全面建成富强民主文明和谐美丽的社会主义现代化强国。从“全面建成小康社会”迈向“全面建成社会主义现代化强国”,是中华民族伟大复兴历史进程的大跨越。这个阶段无疑是一个新发展阶段。

Why do we say China has entered a new stage of development? By deeply understanding the unprecedentedly rapid economic development miracle and miraculous long-term social stability that our Party led the people to create after the founding of New China, and especially since reform and opening up, one can grasp more profoundly the basis in reality for China’s entry into a new stage of development.

为什么说我国进入了新发展阶段?深刻认识新中国成立后特别是改革开放以来我们党领导人民创造的世所罕见的经济快速发展奇迹和社会长期稳定奇迹,就会对我国进入新发展阶段的现实依据有更深刻的把握。

After the founding of New China, and especially in the four decades of reform and opening up, our Party has led the people to clear away difficulties and forge ahead, and to paint a magnificently flowing and grand historical scroll. Since the 18th Party Congress, the CCP Central Committee, with Comrade Xi Jinping as its core, has united and led the entire Party and people of all ethnic groups nationwide to advance the “Five-sphere Integrated Plan,” coordinate advancement of the “Four-pronged Comprehensive Strategy,” unswervingly implement the new development concept, promote high-quality development, calmly and forcefully respond to risks and challenges of all kinds, and vigorously promote undertakings of the Party and the country. We have thus made decisive achievements in building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way, and China’s economic strength, scientific and technological strength, and overall national strength have leapt to new levels. China’s per capita GDP has surpassed U.S. $10,000, GDP has surpassed RMB 100 trillion, total economic output steadily ranks second in the world, and China’s contribution to world economic growth was been around 30% for many years in a row. The intensity of investment in R&D has reached the level of moderately developed countries, a large number of landmark achievements have been made in some basic and cutting-edge fields, and a number of fields have achieved leaps from “catching up” to “running alongside” and “running ahead.” Comprehensive victory has been achieved in the fight against poverty, overall regional poverty has been resolved, and the arduous task of eradicating absolute poverty has been completed, creating yet another miracle in the annals of human history. The middle-income group is now over 400 million strong, and the world’s largest social security system has been built. … The great historic achievement of establishing a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way has accumulated powerful momentum for embarking on a new journey in building a modernized socialist country, and laid a solid foundation for China’s advance towards the second centennial objective.

新中国成立后特别是改革开放40多年来,我们党带领人民披荆斩棘、砥砺奋进,绘就了一幅波澜壮阔、气势恢宏的历史画卷。党的十八大以来,以习近平同志为核心的党中央团结带领全党全国各族人民统筹推进“五位一体”总体布局,协调推进“四个全面”战略布局,坚定不移贯彻新发展理念,推动高质量发展,沉着有力应对各种风险挑战,奋发有为推进党和国家各项事业,全面建成小康社会取得决定性成就,我国经济实力、科技实力、综合国力跃上新的大台阶。我国人均国内生产总值突破1万美元,国内生产总值突破100万亿元,经济总量稳居世界第二位,连续多年对世界经济增长的贡献率在30%左右;研发经费投入强度达到中等发达国家水平,在一些基础和前沿领域取得一大批标志性成果,若干领域实现从“跟跑”到“并跑”“领跑”的跃升;脱贫攻坚战取得全面胜利,区域性整体贫困得到解决,完成了消除绝对贫困的艰巨任务,创造了又一个彪炳史册的人间奇迹,中等收入群体超过4亿,建成世界上规模最大的社会保障体系……全面建成小康社会取得的伟大历史性成就,为开启全面建设社会主义现代化国家新征程积蓄了强大势能,为我国朝着第二个百年奋斗目标进军奠定了坚实基础。

Historical materialism holds that the development of material production is the basis of all social life and of all actual history, Following the unremitting struggle waged since the founding of New China, and especially in the over 40 years of reform and opening up, we now have a solid material foundation for embarking on a new journey and achieving even higher new goals. China’s entry into the new stage of development is the inevitable result of the development of China’s social productive forces. It is a brand new starting point for our Party to lead the people of all ethnic groups nationwide in the continued promotion of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

历史唯物主义认为,物质生产的发展是整个社会生活以及整个现实历史的基础。经过新中国成立以来特别是改革开放40多年的不懈奋斗,我们已经拥有开启新征程、实现新的更高目标的雄厚物质基础。我国进入新发展阶段,是我国社会生产力发展的必然结果,是我们党带领全国各族人民接续推进中华民族伟大复兴的崭新起点。

Profoundly grasping the characteristics and requirements of the new stage of development

深入把握新发展阶段的特征和要求

General Secretary Xi Jinping has observed: “To understand and grasp the stage-specific characteristics of China’s social development, we must adhere to the methodology of dialectical materialism and historical materialism, and to draw the right conclusions, we must think with a combination of history and current reality, theory and practice, domestic and international, etc., think based on the historical position of China’s social development, and think starting from the big picture of the Party’s and the country’s development. This has provided us a scientific guide for profoundly grasping the characteristics and requirements of the new stage of development.

习近平总书记指出:“认识和把握我国社会发展的阶段性特征,要坚持辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义的方法论,从历史和现实、理论和实践、国内和国际等的结合上进行思考,从我国社会发展的历史方位上来思考,从党和国家事业发展大局出发进行思考,得出正确结论。”这为我们深入把握新发展阶段的特征和要求提供了科学指南。

The new stage of development faces a new development environment. The world today is experiencing great changes unseen in a century: A new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation is developing in greater depth, profound adjustments in the international balance of power are underway, peace and development are still the themes of the times, and the concept of a community of common destiny for mankind is becoming deeply rooted in people’s hearts. At the same time, the international environment is becoming increasingly complex, instability and uncertainty have increased markedly, the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic has been widespread and far-reaching, and economic globalization is encountering headwinds. The world has thus entered a period of turbulent change, and with unilateralism, protectionism and hegemony threatening world peace and development, China’s development will face more headwinds and an adverse external environment. Yet it is more important to see that time and momentum are on our side. This is where we find our strength and stamina, as well as our determination and confidence. The long-term positive fundamentals of our economy have not changed, and external shocks can only compel us to accelerate the pace of reform and innovation. Given the strong leadership of the CCP Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core, and fully utilizing the institutional advantages of the socialist system in concentrating resources for major undertakings, China will certainly be able to achieve long-term steady economic performance and social stability and harmony in the new stage of development, and it will certainly be able to promote the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation while responding strongly and effectively to changes in the world, changes in the times, and changes in history.

新发展阶段面临新的发展环境。当今世界正经历百年未有之大变局,新一轮科技革命和产业变革深入发展,国际力量对比深刻调整,和平与发展仍然是时代主题,人类命运共同体理念深入人心,同时国际环境日趋复杂,不稳定性不确定性明显增加,新冠肺炎疫情影响广泛深远,经济全球化遭遇逆流,世界进入动荡变革期,单边主义、保护主义、霸权主义对世界和平与发展构成威胁,我国发展会面对更多逆风逆水的外部环境。更应看到,时与势在我们一边,这是我们的定力和底气所在,也是我们的决心和信心所在。我国经济长期向好的基本面没有改变,外部冲击只能倒逼我们加快改革创新步伐。有以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚强领导,充分发挥社会主义制度集中力量办大事的制度优势,我国一定能够在新发展阶段实现经济行稳致远、社会安定和谐,一定能够在有力有效应对世界之变、时代之变、历史之变中推进中华民族伟大复兴。

There will be major new social contradictions to resolve in the new stage of development. A positive change in the main contradictions of society is an important sign that a country and a society have leapt to a new level of development, but it also puts greater demands on promoting development. Entering the new era, the main contradictions of our society have been transformed into the contradiction between people’s growing need for a better life on one hand and uneven and inadequate development on the other. Uneven development mainly refers to where development of all regions, fields and aspects is insufficiently balanced, and there are “one leg longer than the other” imbalances that hold back the overall level of development. Inadequate development mainly refers to where there are problems of underdevelopment in some regions, some areas and some aspects, and development tasks are still very heavy. Uneven and inadequate development has become the main constraint to meeting the growing needs of the people for a better life, and is the main aspect of society’s main contradictions that need to be addressed. Resolving the main contradictions of our society in the new stage of development will require us to be more systematic, adhere to the system concept, and strengthen our forward-looking thinking, holistic planning, strategic layout, and overall promotion. We must enhance our targeting, deeply understand the diverse, multi-level and multi-faceted characteristics in which the people’s aspirations for a better life are manifested, solve the problems involving the most direct and real interests of the people, and of most concern to them, and promote the overall development of people and the overall progress of society.

新发展阶段要解决新的社会主要矛盾。社会主要矛盾发生积极变化是一个国家、一个社会发展跃上新水平的重要标志,也对推动发展提出了更高要求。进入新时代,我国社会主要矛盾已经转化为人民日益增长的美好生活需要和不平衡不充分的发展之间的矛盾。发展不平衡,主要指各区域各领域各方面发展不够平衡,存在“一条腿长、一条腿短”的失衡现象,制约了整体发展水平提升;发展不充分,主要指一些地区、一些领域、一些方面还存在发展不足的问题,发展的任务仍然很重。发展不平衡不充分,已经成为满足人民日益增长的美好生活需要的主要制约因素,也是需要解决的社会主要矛盾的主要方面。在新发展阶段解决好我国社会主要矛盾,需要增强系统性,坚持系统观念,加强前瞻性思考、全局性谋划、战略性布局、整体性推进;增强针对性,深刻认识人民对美好生活的向往呈现多样化、多层次、多方面的特点,解决好人民群众最关心最直接最现实的利益问题,推动人的全面发展、社会全面进步。

The new stage of development requires the achievement of new goals. The 19th Party Congress, after a comprehensive analysis of the international and domestic situations and China’s development conditions, clearly proposed basically achieving socialist modernization by 2035, and building China into a strong, democratic, civilized, harmonious and beautiful socialist superpower by the middle of this century. In the new stage of development, we must be anchored in our tireless struggle for the 2035 long-range objectives set by the Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CCP Central Committee, and then realize the “two-step” strategic arrangement in the new era. The long-range objectives through 2035 cover all aspects of China’s economic and social development, including: There will be significant jumps in economic strength, scientific and technological strength, and comprehensive national strength; total economic output and the per capita income of rural and urban residents will make major new strides, and major breakthroughs will be made in key core technologies, so that they enter the front ranks of innovation-oriented countries; new types of industrialization, information technology, urbanization, and agricultural modernization will be realized, completing the construction of a modern economic system; per capita GDP will have reached the level of moderately developed countries, and the middle-income group will expand significantly; equalization of basic public services will be achieved, development gaps between rural and urban areas and gaps in living standards between residents will be significantly reduced, and so on. To achieve such long-range objectives, we must first achieve the main economic and social development goals of the 14th Five-Year Plan period, and make a good start on building China into a modernized socialist country in an all-round way.

新发展阶段要实现新的奋斗目标。党的十九大综合分析国际国内形势和我国发展条件,明确提出到2035年基本实现社会主义现代化,到本世纪中叶把我国建成富强民主文明和谐美丽的社会主义现代化强国。新发展阶段,我们要锚定党的十九届五中全会确定的2035年远景目标不懈奋斗,进而实现新时代“两步走”战略安排。2035年远景目标涵盖我国经济社会发展方方面面,包括:经济实力、科技实力、综合国力将大幅跃升,经济总量和城乡居民人均收入将再迈上新的大台阶,关键核心技术实现重大突破,进入创新型国家前列;基本实现新型工业化、信息化、城镇化、农业现代化,建成现代化经济体系;人均国内生产总值达到中等发达国家水平,中等收入群体显著扩大,基本公共服务实现均等化,城乡区域发展差距和居民生活水平差距显著缩小;等等。实现这样的远景目标,首先要实现“十四五”时期经济社会发展主要目标,为全面建设社会主义现代化国家开好局、起好步。

Creating new and greater miracles in the new stage of development

在新发展阶段创造新的更大奇迹

The 14th Five-Year Plan is the first five-year period in which China has entered the new stage of development. The Outline of the 14th Five-Year Plan and the Long-Range Objectives through 2035 has clearly specified the guiding principles, main objectives, major strategic tasks and major policy initiatives for China’s economic and social development in the 14th Five-Year Plan period. It has become the action program for people of all ethnic groups nationwide to make concerted efforts toward building China into a modernized socialist country in an all-round way. To ground ourselves in the characteristics and requirements of the new stage of development and achieve new and greater development, we must properly grasp the following aspects:

“十四五”时期是我国进入新发展阶段的第一个五年,“十四五”规划和2035年远景目标纲要明确了“十四五”时期我国经济社会发展的指导方针、主要目标、重大战略任务和重大政策举措,成为全国各族人民齐心协力全面建设社会主义现代化国家的行动纲领。立足新发展阶段的特征和要求,实现新的更大发展,需要把握好以下几个方面。

Maintaining strategic focus. Since the 18th Party Congress, General Secretary Xi Jinping has attached great importance to maintaining strategic focus. The Outline of the 14th Five-Year Plan and the Long-Range Objectives through 2035 again emphasizes “maintaining strategic focus.” In the new stage of development, the period of great changes unseen in a century will see accelerated evolution. In order to comprehensively build China into a modernized socialist country and create new and greater miracles during such a period of turbulent change in the world, it is particularly important to maintain strategic focus. Our strategic focus originates from, and is reflected in, our perseverance toward the goal of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Achieving the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation is the greatest dream of the Chinese nation in modern times. We are closer to achieving this great dream today than at any other time in history, and are more confident and capable of doing so. We must vow never to waver in this ambition. Our strategic focus originates from, and is reflected in, our confidence in the path we are taking. To achieve that great dream, we have chosen to take the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics. This path has been proven in practice to be the only correct path for achieving the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. We must be firmly confident in the path, theory, system and culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics, follow the bright avenue of socialism with Chinese characteristics all the way, and be unswerving on it. Our strategic focus originates from, and is reflected in, our adherence to the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party. History and the people have chosen the CCP to achieve our great dream. With its unparalleled leadership strength, the CCP is the most reliable backbone of the Chinese people when storms strike. We must firmly uphold General Secretary Xi Jinping’s position as the core of the CCP Central Committee and the core of the entire Party, and firmly uphold the authority and centralized, unified leadership of the CCP Central Committee. As long as we maintain strategic focus and steadfastly handle our own affairs well, we will be able to firmly grasp the strategic initiative.

保持战略定力。党的十八大以来,习近平总书记高度重视保持战略定力。“十四五”规划和2035年远景目标纲要再次强调“保持战略定力”。新发展阶段,世界百年未有之大变局加速演进,在世界动荡变革期全面建设社会主义现代化国家、创造新的更大奇迹,尤须保持咬定青山不放松、乱云飞渡仍从容的战略定力。我们的战略定力,源自和体现为对中华民族伟大复兴目标的执著。实现中华民族伟大复兴,是近代以来中华民族最伟大的梦想。今天,我们比历史上任何时期都更接近、更有信心和能力实现这个伟大梦想,对此要矢志不渝。我们的战略定力,源自和体现为对自己所走道路的自信。为了实现伟大梦想,我们选择走中国特色社会主义道路,这条道路是被实践证明了的实现中华民族伟大复兴唯一正确的道路。我们要坚定中国特色社会主义道路自信、理论自信、制度自信、文化自信,沿着中国特色社会主义道路这条光明大道一直走下去,对此要坚定不移。我们的战略定力,源自和体现为坚持中国共产党的领导。为了实现伟大梦想,历史和人民选择了中国共产党。中国共产党所具有的无比坚强的领导力,是风雨来袭时中国人民最可靠的主心骨。我们要坚定维护习近平总书记党中央的核心、全党的核心地位,坚定维护党中央权威和集中统一领导。只要我们保持战略定力,百折不挠把自己的事情办好,就能牢牢把握战略主动。

Enhancing awareness of opportunities and risks. General Secretary Xi Jinping has pointed out: “We should strengthen awareness of opportunities and risks, practice scientific deployment and precise policy implementation, do solid work and work hard, and firmly grasp the initiative in economic work.” The new stage of development is a stage filled with opportunities and challenges, with crises and opportunities coexisting. Our ability to create new and greater miracles will depend to a large degree on whether we can grasp opportunities and develop better, and whether we can effectively defuse risks and turn crises into opportunities. China’s development is in a period of important strategic opportunity today, and will be in the times to come. There will be new developments in terms of challenges as well as opportunities, however, so it is particularly necessary to strengthen awareness of opportunities and risks. China has shifted directions toward a phase of high-quality development. We have many advantages and enabling conditions for further development, including significant institutional superiority, improving governance efficacy, sustained economic growth, a solid material foundation, a wealth of human resources, broad market space, strong developmental resilience, overall social stability, and sustained development. “A time hard to come by and easily missed.” In a period of turbulent change in the world, we must make good use of our own advantages and enabling conditions, seizing opportunities and not losing them. In particular, we must have the courage to sail against the wind, and be good at turning crises into opportunities. Turbulent change in the world is bound to conceal all kinds of risks, and while profound changes in the domestic and international environments bring a series of new opportunities, they also bring a series of new challenges. We must firmly establish bottom-line thinking, carry forward the spirit of struggle and strengthen our ability to struggle, resolve problems when they are small and keep long-term strategies in mind, and exploit beneficial opportunities while avoiding harm. We must take the prevention and defusing of major risks as extremely important work, and cannot allow the slightest laziness. Particularly close attention must be paid to major risks that may delay or even interrupt progress toward the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, [using] comprehensive judgment, integrated planning and strong responses.

强化机遇意识和风险意识。习近平总书记指出:“我们要强化机遇意识、风险意识,科学部署、精准施策,真抓实干、埋头苦干,牢牢把握经济工作主动权。”新发展阶段是一个充满机遇和挑战、危和机并存的阶段,我们能不能创造新的更大奇迹,很大程度上取决于能否抓住机遇、更好发展,能否有效化解风险、化危为机。当前和今后一个时期,我国发展仍然处于重要战略机遇期,但机遇和挑战都有新的发展变化,尤须强化机遇意识、风险意识。我国已转向高质量发展阶段,制度优势显著,治理效能提升,经济长期向好,物质基础雄厚,人力资源丰富,市场空间广阔,发展韧性强劲,社会大局稳定,继续发展具有多方面优势和条件。“时者难得而易失”。在世界动荡变革期,我们要用好自己的优势和条件,紧紧抓住机遇而不能丧失机遇,特别是要勇于开顶风船,善于转危为机。动荡变革的世界必然隐藏着各种风险,国内外环境的深刻变化既带来一系列新机遇,也带来一系列新挑战。我们要牢固树立底线思维,发扬斗争精神,增强斗争本领,防微虑远、趋利避害,把防范化解重大风险作为一项极其重要的工作,不能有丝毫懈怠,特别是要密切关注那些可能迟滞甚至中断中华民族伟大复兴进程的重大风险,综合研判、统筹谋划、有力应对。

Implementing the new development concept, building a new development pattern, and promoting high-quality development. General Secretary Xi Jinping has attached great importance to understanding and grasping fundamental laws, and has called for “achieving change and innovation on the basis of grasping fundamental laws.” Creating new and greater miracles in the new stage of development imposes new and higher requirements for understanding and grasping the fundamental laws of development. To understand and grasp the fundamental laws of development, it is necessary to understand and grasp the fundamental laws of communist rule, socialist construction and human social development. One must understand and grasp that development must be scientific development that follows the laws of economics; it must be sustainable development that follows the laws of nature; and it must be inclusive development that follows the laws of society. Since the 18th Party Congress, the CCP Central Committee, with Comrade Xi Jinping as its core, has been deepening its understanding of the laws of development, comprehensively advancing the “Five-sphere Integrated Plan” overall layout, coordinating the “Four-pronged Comprehensive Strategy,” and unswervingly implementing the new development concept of innovation, coordination, greenness, openness and sharing. This is a major achievement of understanding and grasping the laws of development, and must run consistently throughout the new stage of development. The Outline of the 14th Five-Year Plan and Long-Range Objectives through 2035 emphasizes: “Promotion of high-quality development in the 14th Five-Year Plan period must be grounded in the new stage of development, implementation of the new development concept, and construction of the new development pattern.” This is the concentrated embodiment of following and applying the laws of development, and must be vigorously pushed forward in the new stage of development. We must make the new development concept permeate throughout the development process and in all fields, effectively transform the mode of development, and promote transformations in the quality, efficiency and drivers [of growth], thereby achieving development that is higher-quality and more efficient, equitable, sustainable and secure. In accordance with the changes in China’s development stage, environment and conditions, and based on changes in our comparative advantages in particular, we must accelerate the construction of a new development pattern, with the domestic great circulation as the mainstay and domestic circulation and international circulation promoting each other. We must raise China’s economic development level in step with the times, and shape new advantages for China in international economic cooperation and competition. We must deeply understand and grasp the laws of development and better follow and apply them, propel China’s development to a new level, and achieve high-quality development in the new development stage.

贯彻新发展理念,构建新发展格局,推动高质量发展。习近平总书记高度重视认识和把握规律,要求“在把握规律的基础上实现变革创新”。在新发展阶段创造新的更大奇迹,对认识和把握发展规律提出了新的更高要求。认识和把握发展规律,就要认识和把握共产党执政规律、社会主义建设规律、人类社会发展规律,认识和把握发展必须是遵循经济规律的科学发展、必须是遵循自然规律的可持续发展、必须是遵循社会规律的包容性发展。党的十八大以来,以习近平同志为核心的党中央不断深化对发展规律的认识,统筹推进“五位一体”总体布局,协调推进“四个全面”战略布局,坚定不移贯彻创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享的新发展理念。这是认识和把握发展规律的重大成果,必须在新发展阶段一以贯之。“十四五”规划和2035年远景目标纲要强调:“‘十四五’时期推动高质量发展,必须立足新发展阶段、贯彻新发展理念、构建新发展格局。”这是遵循和运用发展规律的集中体现,必须在新发展阶段着力推进。必须把新发展理念贯穿发展全过程和各领域,切实转变发展方式,推动质量变革、效率变革、动力变革,实现更高质量、更有效率、更加公平、更可持续、更为安全的发展。根据我国发展阶段、环境、条件变化,特别是基于我国比较优势变化,必须加快构建以国内大循环为主体、国内国际双循环相互促进的新发展格局,与时俱进提升我国经济发展水平,塑造我国国际经济合作和竞争新优势。我们要深入认识和把握、更好遵循和运用发展规律,推动我国发展不断迈上新台阶,在新发展阶段实现高质量发展。

“No matter how difficult the challenges may seem, they will be overcome.” The splendid picture of the new stage of development is slowly unfolding, and the clarion call to forge ahead on a new journey has been sounded. At this great moment of starting the historical process of a new development stage, it is especially important to realize that building China into a modernized socialist country in an all-round way, and marching toward the second centennial objective, cannot be all easy and smooth sailing. We are bound to experience some tough trials and struggles. Under the strong leadership of the CCP Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core, and with Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era as our guide, we shall implement the Outline of the 14th Five-Year Plan and Long-Range Objectives through 2035, and march towards the goal of building a modernized socialist superpower in all respects. China has already written a great development miracle in history and current reality, and will surely create new and greater miracles to astound the world in the future.

“雄关漫道真如铁,而今迈步从头越。”新发展阶段灿烂图景徐徐铺展,奋进新征程的号角已经吹响。在开启新发展阶段历史进程的伟大时刻,尤须认识到,全面建设社会主义现代化国家、向第二个百年奋斗目标进军,不可能轻轻松松、一帆风顺,必然要经历一番艰苦磨炼和斗争。我们要在以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚强领导下,以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导,贯彻实施“十四五”规划和2035年远景目标纲要,万众一心向着全面建成社会主义现代化强国的目标进军。中国已经在历史和现实中书写了伟大的发展奇迹,必将在未来创造让世界刮目相看的新的更大奇迹。

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任理轩 (Ren Lixuan). "Accurately Understanding the New Stage of Development [准确把握新发展阶段]". CSIS Interpret: China, original work published in People's Daily [人民日报], June 25, 2021

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