Drawing on newly translated scholarship, leading experts analyze China’s evolving relationships in Africa, both in terms of economic engagement with individual states and interactions with fellow major powers on the continent.

The term 敢于斗争 (gǎnyú dòuzhēng) has become increasingly prevalent in Chinese official discourse. While recently translated as “dare to fight” among multiple high-profile authors and outlets outside of China, two scholars argue that “dare to struggle” better reflects the ideological, political, and multidimensional nature of the concept in historical Chinese discourse.

Drawing on newly translated scholarship, leading experts examine how Chinese analysts are assessing U.S. and partner deterrence strategies in the Indo-Pacific and in the Taiwan Strait.

How are Chinese scholars assessing what role Japan might play in a potential conflict in and around Taiwan? Here, we asked three leading experts to analyze newly translated assessments by Chinese scholars on Japan’s role in cross-Strait relations and implications for Beijing’s evolving relationship with Tokyo going forward.

What is China’s approach to crisis management, and how has it evolved over the past several decades? Here, three leading experts analyze newly translated assessments by Chinese security analysts and assess implications for U.S.-China security relations.

How has Russia’s invasion of Ukraine impacted Beijing’s strategy for achieving energy security? Will China increase its investment in renewables in order to insulate itself from future energy market volatility? Or will the search for short-term growth see Beijing double down on traditional energy sources? Utilizing newly translated documents, three leading exports explore China’s path forward.

How do Chinese foreign policy scholars view U.S. policy on China and the broader Indo-Pacific? Oxford University’s Rosemary Foot, CSIS scholars Ivan Kanapathy and Lily McElwee, and the Atlantic Council’s Chris Preble provide expert analysis of newly translated Chinese assessments.

After three decades of progressive strengthening, Sino-Russian relations are being put to the test after Vladimir Putin’s invasion of Ukraine. Three experts assess how the ongoing conflict will impact the future of the bilateral relationship.