The 20th CCP Party Congress drew up the grand blueprint for building China into a modern socialist country in an all-round way and comprehensively advancing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation with Chinese-style modernization. It expressly proposed basically achieving new industrialization by 2035, stressing the need to focus economic development on the real economy, advance new industrialization, and accelerate building China into a manufacturing superpower. Here, I will mainly focus on three aspects centered around “fully implementing the spirit of the 20th CCP Party Congress to vigorously promote the new industrialization,” namely: (1) Learning and understanding the important exposition of General Secretary Xi Jinping on the new industrialization; (2) China’s historic achievements in new industrialization since the 18th CCP Party Congress; and (3) key tasks for vigorously promoting new industrialization in the new era and new journey.
党的二十大擘画了全面建设社会主义现代化国家、以中国式现代化全面推进中华民族伟大复兴的宏伟蓝图,明确提出到2035年基本实现新型工业化,强调要坚持把发展经济的着力点放在实体经济上,推进新型工业化,加快建设制造强国。这里围绕“全面贯彻落实党的二十大精神大力推进新型工业化”,主要讲三个方面:一是学深悟透习近平总书记关于新型工业化的重要论述;二是党的十八大以来我国新型工业化取得的历史性成就;三是新时代新征程大力推进新型工业化的重点任务。
I. Deeply Studying and Thoroughly Understanding General Secretary Xi Jinping’s Important Expositions on the New Industrialization
一、学深悟透习近平总书记关于新型工业化的重要论述
Promotion of new industrialization is a major strategic plan, made by the CCP Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core, to coordinate the major deployments being made for the overall national rejuvenation strategy in the context of changes unseen in a century taking place in the world. Since the 18th Party Congress, General Secretary Xi Jinping has raised the flag, taken the helm, and navigated the ship, making important expositions on a series of major theoretical and practical issues of promoting new industrialization, and has put forward a series of new ideas, new views, and new assertions, which have greatly enriched and developed the Party’s understanding of the underlying regularities of industrialization, and provide fundamental principles and guidelines for action in the promotion of new industrialization. To study and understand General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important exposition on new industrialization, it is necessary to grasp the essence of the thinking and the core meaning, which can be summarized in six aspects.
推进新型工业化,是以习近平同志为核心的党中央统筹中华民族伟大复兴战略全局和世界百年未有之大变局作出的重大战略部署。党的十八大以来,习近平总书记举旗定向、掌舵领航,就推进新型工业化的一系列重大理论和实践问题作出重要论述,提出一系列新思想新观点新论断,极大地丰富和发展了我们党对工业化的规律性认识,为推进新型工业化提供了根本遵循和行动指南。深入学习领会习近平总书记关于新型工业化的重要论述,要掌握思想精髓和核心要义,归结起来有六个方面。
(i) Deeply understand the strategic positioning of new industrialization promotion. General Secretary Xi Jinping has pointed out that industrialization is a necessary path for a country’s economic development, stressing that on the industrial front in particular, the Chinese dream specifically is to accelerate the promotion of the new kind of industrialization, and that in the new era and new journey, achieving new industrialization is a key task for comprehensively promoting the building of China into a superpower with Chinese-style modernization and the achievement of national rejuvenation. General Secretary Xi Jinping has noted that the manufacturing industry is the lifeblood of the national economy and the foundation of the country’s establishment and strengthening, emphasizing that the manufacturing industry must be firmly built, and that at no time can China be lacking a manufacturing industry.
(一)深刻认识推进新型工业化的战略定位。习近平总书记指出工业化是一个国家经济发展的必由之路,强调中国梦具体到工业战线就是加快推进新型工业化,强调新时代新征程,以中国式现代化全面推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业,实现新型工业化是关键任务。习近平总书记指出,制造业是国家经济命脉所系,是立国之本、强国之基,强调制造业必须筑牢,任何时候中国都不能缺少制造业。
(ii) Firmly anchor the overall goal of promoting new industrialization. The report of the 20th Party Congress expressly proposed basically achieving new industrialization by 2035, emphasizing the need to insist on focusing economic development on the real economy, advancing the new type of industrialization, and accelerating the building of China into a manufacturing superpower. General Secretary Xi Jinping has emphasized the need to give greater prominence to the manufacturing industry’s high-quality development, promote the transformation from made in China to created in China, from Chinese speed to Chinese quality, and from Chinese products to Chinese brands, and emphasized the need to strive for the development of high-end manufacturing industries so as to achieve all-round improvement.
(二)牢牢锚定推进新型工业化的总体目标。党的二十大报告明确提出到2035年基本实现新型工业化,强调要坚持把发展经济的着力点放在实体经济上,推进新型工业化,加快建设制造强国。习近平总书记强调要把制造业高质量发展放到更加突出的位置,推动中国制造向中国创造转变、中国速度向中国质量转变、中国产品向中国品牌转变,强调要努力发展高端制造业,实现全面提升。
(iii) Accurately grasp the important principles for promoting new industrialization. General Secretary Xi Jinping has stressed the need to implement the new development concept completely, accurately, and comprehensively, and to integrate development and security. He stressed the need to proactively adapt to and lead the new wave of scientific and technological (S&T) revolution and industrial change, incorporate the requirements of high-quality development throughout the new industrialization process, and organically combine the building of China into a manufacturing superpower with the development of the digital economy and industrial informatization, and emphasized adherence to the integrated development of primary, secondary, and tertiary industry, and the fact that the service sector and the manufacturing industry are inseparable.
(三)准确把握推进新型工业化的重要原则。习近平总书记强调要完整、准确、全面贯彻新发展理念,统筹发展和安全,强调要积极主动适应和引领新一轮科技革命和产业变革,把高质量发展的要求贯穿新型工业化全过程,把建设制造强国同发展数字经济、产业信息化等有机结合,强调坚持三次产业融合发展,服务业与制造业是不能割裂的。
(iv) Comprehensively implement the major tasks of promoting new industrialization. General Secretary Xi Jinping has noted that the core of the manufacturing industry is innovation and mastering key and core technologies, emphasizing the need to: (1) Strengthen the primary position of enterprises in S&T innovation, succeed in the fight to tackle key and core technologies, strengthen the in-depth integration of S&T innovation and industrial innovation, and use S&T innovation to promote industrial innovation; (2) effectively increase the resilience and security levels of production and supply chains, and pay close attention to making up weaknesses, forging new strengths, and strengthening the foundations so that key production chains are independently controllable, safe, and reliable; (3) pay close attention to the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries and the cultivation and growth of strategic new industries, accelerate the upgrading and development of the industrial system, focus efforts on making industries more high-end, intelligentized, and green, and incubate a number of advanced manufacturing clusters with international competitiveness; (4) do a good job in the deep fusion of informatization and industrialization, take smart manufacturing as the main direction of attack to promote technological change, optimization, and upgrading, and vigorously develop the digital economy; (5) accelerate the construction of world-class enterprises, strengthen and optimize state-owned enterprises, and support the development of specialized, refined, distinctive, and innovative enterprises; and (6) consolidate and integrate the national strategic system and increase its capabilities.
(四)全面落实推进新型工业化的重大任务。习近平总书记指出制造业的核心就是创新,就是掌握关键核心技术,强调要强化企业科技创新主体地位,打好关键核心技术攻坚战,加强科技创新和产业创新深度融合,以科技创新推动产业创新;强调切实提升产业链供应链韧性和安全水平,抓紧补短板、锻长板、强基础,实现重点产业链自主可控、安全可靠;强调狠抓传统产业改造升级和战略性新兴产业培育壮大,加快实现产业体系升级发展,着力提升高端化、智能化、绿色化水平,培育一批具有国际竞争力的先进制造业集群;强调做好信息化和工业化深度融合这篇大文章,以智能制造为主攻方向推动技术变革和优化升级,大力发展数字经济;强调加快建设世界一流企业,做强做优做大国有企业,支持专精特新企业发展;强调巩固提高一体化国家战略体系和能力。
(v) Systematically mastering the methodology for promoting new industrialization. General Secretary Xi Jinping has emphasized the need to (1) adhere to system concepts, maintain strategic determination, adhere to long-term efforts, and focus on our own affairs; (2) improve industrial policy in the new development stage, and make industrial security maintenance a top priority; (3) properly handle all aspects of policies and assure factors of production, improve the institutions and mechanisms for promoting the development of advanced manufacturing industries and revitalizing the real economy, and promote the deep integration of innovation, capital, and talent production chains; and (4) unswervingly deepen reform and expand opening-up to the outside, strengthen the openness and cooperation of production and supply chains, and continuously upgrade the modernization of the governance system and governance capacity, so as to achieve better development while opening up to the outside at a higher level.
(五)系统掌握推进新型工业化的方法路径。习近平总书记强调要坚持系统观念,保持战略定力、坚持久久为功,集中精力办好自己的事;强调完善新发展阶段的产业政策,把维护产业安全作为重中之重;强调做好各方面政策和要素保障,健全推动发展先进制造业、振兴实体经济的体制机制,推动创新链产业链资金链人才链深度融合;强调坚定不移深化改革、扩大开放,加强产业链供应链开放合作,不断提升治理体系和治理能力现代化水平,在更高水平的对外开放中实现更好发展。
(vi) Adhering to the Party’s overall leadership in promoting new industrialization. General Secretary Xi Jinping has emphasized that: (1) The Party is key to doing a good job in China; (2) the Party’s leadership must be fully reflected in economic work, and the level of the Party’s leadership in economic work must be comprehensively improved; (3) we must have a clear understanding of “the great priorities of the nation,” and be adept at integrating the work of regions and departments into the overall picture of the Party’s and the country’s undertakings, so as to not only achieve glory for a region, but also add luster to the whole situation; (4) and promoting new industrialization is a systematic project, so it is necessary to refine the work pattern wherein Party committees (Party groups) provide unified leadership, the government is responsible for implementation, enterprises fully play their primary role, and social forces participate broadly, thereby bringing together powerful forces for promoting the new industrialization.
(六)坚持党对推进新型工业化的全面领导。习近平总书记强调办好中国的事情,关键在党;强调党的领导要在经济工作中得到充分体现,全面提高党领导经济工作水平;强调要对“国之大者”了然于胸,善于把地区和部门的工作融入党和国家事业大棋局,做到既为一域争光、更为全局添彩;强调推进新型工业化是一个系统工程,要完善党委(党组)统一领导、政府负责落实、企业发挥主体作用、社会力量广泛参与的工作格局,汇聚起推进新型工业化的强大力量。
II. China’s New Industrialization Has Made Historic Achievements since the 18th Party Congress
二、党的十八大以来我国新型工业化取得的历史性成就
Achieving the new industrialization is the unswerving goal of the CCP. Since the founding of New China, the Party has united and led the whole nation from when “neither a car, an airplane, a tank, or a tractor could be built,” and gradually established an independent and relatively complete industrial system, completing in just a few decades the industrialization process that developed countries went through for several hundred years, and successfully embarked on a path of industrialization suited to China’s national conditions. This has provided key support for China to create the two miracles of rapid economic development and long-term social stability, and achieve on schedule the first centennial objective of forming a moderately prosperous society in all respects.
实现新型工业化是中国共产党始终不渝的奋斗目标。新中国成立以来,党团结带领全国人民从“一辆汽车、一架飞机、一辆坦克、一辆拖拉机都不能造”,逐步建立起独立的、比较完整的工业体系,仅用几十年走完发达国家几百年走过的工业化历程,成功走出了一条适合中国国情的工业化道路,为我国创造经济快速发展和社会长期稳定两大奇迹,如期全面建成小康社会、实现第一个百年奋斗目标提供了关键支撑。
Since the 18th Party Congress, under the strong leadership of the CCP Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core, we have insisted on putting the focus of economic development on the real economy, been firmly grounded in the new stage of development, implemented the new development concept, constructed the new development pattern, deepened supply-side structural reform, and implemented the manufacturing superpower strategy. The pace of China’s new industrialization has accelerated significantly, and the overall strength, quality, and efficiency of industries, as well as their innovation capability, competitiveness, and risk resistance ability have been significantly enhanced. China’s industrialization development thus stands at a new higher starting point.
党的十八大以来,在以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚强领导下,坚持把发展经济的着力点放在实体经济上,立足新发展阶段,贯彻新发展理念,构建新发展格局,深化供给侧结构性改革,实施制造强国战略,我国新型工业化步伐显著加快,产业整体实力、质量效益以及创新力、竞争力、抗风险能力显著增强,我国工业化发展站在新的更高起点上。
(i) The unique advantages of industry being “comprehensive,” “many,” and “large” have become more obvious. First, the system is comprehensive. China has every kind of manufacturing industry, and is the only country in the world that has all of the industrial categories in the United Nations Industrial Classification, including 41 top-level industrial categories, 207 mid-level industrial categories, and 666 industrial subcategories, At the beginning of 2020, in the face of the sudden hundredfold and thousandfold increase in demand for medical supplies (medical masks, protective clothing, extermination supplies, etc.) brought about by the COVID-19 epidemic outbreak, it was precisely because we possessed a complete industrial system and strong mobilization, organization, and industry conversion abilities that we were able to rapidly open up the production chain and quickly restore and expand production and supply. The production and supply of medical supplies increased ten-fold or even 20 or 30-fold within a short period of time, thereby providing strong support for China to take the lead in controlling the epidemic and achieving a turnaround from negative to positive economic growth. Second, there are many varieties. Among 500 kinds of major industrial products, China’s output ranks first in the world for more than 40% of them, and its output of personal computers, mobile phones, air conditioners, solar panels, and a number of other important products accounts for more than half of the world’s output. China is the world’s largest producer of raw materials such as crude steel, cement, electrolytic aluminum, and methanol, and of over 100 kinds of light industrial products, including clocks and watches, bicycles, sewing machines, and furniture. Third, it is large in scale. In 2022, the value added of all industries in China reached RMB 40.16 trillion, accounting for 33.2% of GDP, and industry supported the smooth operation of the national economy. Manufacturing industry value added reached RMB 33.5 trillion, almost double that of 2012 and representing 27.7% of GDP. China is the world’s largest manufacturing country. Manufacturing value added rose from 22.5% of the global total in 2012 to 30.1% in 2022, and its overall scale has been the world’s largest for 14 consecutive years.
(一)工业“全”“多”“大”独特优势更加明显。一是体系全。我国拥有41个工业大类、207个工业中类、666个工业小类,是全世界唯一拥有联合国产业分类中全部工业门类的国家,各种制造业都有。2020年初,面对新冠疫情突发带来骤然增加的百倍千倍医疗物资需求(医用口罩、防护服、消杀用品等),正是由于拥有完备的产业体系、强大的动员组织和产业转换能力,我们才能迅速打通产业链条、快速恢复和扩大生产供应,医疗物资生产供应在短时间内实现十几倍甚至数十倍的增长,为我国率先控制住疫情、率先实现经济增长由负转正提供了有力支撑。二是品种多。在500种主要工业产品中,我国有四成以上产品产量位居全球第一,个人计算机、手机、空调、太阳能电池板等一批重要产品产量占全球一半以上,生产了全球六成左右的粗钢、水泥、电解铝、甲醇等原材料,是钟表、自行车、缝纫机、家具等100多种轻工产品的全球第一大生产国。三是规模大。2022年我国全部工业增加值达到40.16万亿元,占GDP比重33.2%,工业支撑了国民经济的平稳运行;制造业增加值达到33.5万亿元,几乎比2012年翻了一番,占GDP比重27.7%。我国是世界制造业第一大国,制造业增加值占全球比重从2012年的22.5%提高到2022年的30.1%,总体规模连续14年位居全球首位。
(ii) The pace of manufacturing industry strengthening has continued to accelerate. First, industrial structure upgrading has been accelerating. The high-tech manufacturing industry increased its share of value added from 9.4% in 2012 to 15.3% in the first three quarters of 2023, and the equipment manufacturing industry’s share increased from 28% to 32.9%. In some key fields and areas of competition in particular, a number of advantageous industries with whole-production-chain competitiveness have been formed. Second, the structure of exports has been continuously upgraded. Between 2012 and 2022, total exports of goods increased from RMB 12.9 trillion to RMB 24 trillion, of which exports of electromechanical products grew from RMB 7.4 trillion to RMB 13.7 trillion, and exports of high-tech products grew from RMB 3.8 trillion to RMB 6.3 trillion. In the first three quarters of 2023, the combined exports of the “three new kinds” of products—new energy vehicles, lithium batteries, and photovoltaic products—grew 41.7% year-on-year and accounted for 4.5% of China’s exports. Third, the regional layout continues to be optimized. Some 442 national demonstration bases for new industrialization have been incubated. Forty-five national advanced manufacturing clusters have been constructed, and their output value in leading industries has surpassed RMB 10 trillion, representing about 30% of the total output value of the industries to which they belong.
(二)制造业“强起来”的步伐持续加快。一是产业结构加快升级。高技术制造业增加值占工业的比重从2012年的9.4%提高到2023年前三季度的15.3%,装备制造业占比从28%提高到32.9%。特别是,在一些重点领域和关键赛道上,形成了一批具有全产业链竞争力的优势产业。二是出口结构持续提升。货物出口总额由2012年的12.9万亿元提高到2022年的24万亿元,其中机电产品出口额由7.4万亿元增长到13.7万亿元,高新技术产品出口额由3.8万亿元增长到6.3万亿元。2023年前三季度,新能源汽车、锂电池、光伏等“新三样”产品合计出口同比增长41.7%,占我国出口比重4.5%。三是区域布局不断优化。培育442个国家新型工业化产业示范基地。建设45个国家先进制造业集群,主导产业产值超10万亿元,合计占所属行业总产值的三成左右。
(iii) Industry S&T innovation ability has been significantly strengthened. First, the primary position of enterprises in S&T innovation has been continuously strengthened. In 2022, China’s research and development (R&D) expenditures reached RMB 3.09 trillion, accounting for 17.9% of the world’s total R&D investment, and making China the world’s second-largest country in terms of R&D investment. Over 570 industrial enterprises in China have been listed among the world’s top 2,500 R&D investors, accounting for nearly one-fourth of the total. Since 2012, the total R&D investment of large-scale manufacturing enterprises has grown nearly three-fold, and R&D investment intensity has reached 1.55%, an increase of 0.69 percentage points compared to 2012. The number of invention patent applications by industrial enterprises in China increased from 176,000 in 2012 to 555,000 in 2022. Second, the layout of industrial S&T innovation platforms has been continually optimized. There are 27 national manufacturing innovation centers, two national-local jointly constructed manufacturing innovation centers, and 260 provincial manufacturing innovation centers, and a networkized manufacturing innovation ecosystem has basically been formed. In terms of the layout in high-tech fields, eleven national technology innovation centers and 246 national high-tech industrialization bases have been built. The 23 national independent innovation demonstration zones and 178 national high-tech industrial development zones have gathered in 43% of all specialized, refined, distinctive, and innovative small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), 36% of high-tech enterprises, nearly 60% of unicorn enterprises, and 67% of companies listed on the Sci-Tech Innovation Board (STAR Market), and have become an important force leading and driving industrial S&T innovation and high-tech industry development. Third, major breakthroughs in S&T innovation have been made continuously in key fields. A number of major landmark achievements have been made in fields like 5G, manned spaceflight, lunar and Mars exploration, deep-sea and deep-earth exploration, aircraft carriers, large airplanes, aviation engines and gas turbines, high-speed trains, large cruise ships, high-end medical equipment, energy equipment, and large-scale tunneling equipment, and the ability to assure key materials has been greatly improved, thereby strongly supporting implementation of major national strategies and the building of China into a quality superpower, spaceflight superpower, transportation superpower, and cyber superpower, and the building of Digital China.
(三)产业科技创新能力显著增强。一是企业科技创新主体地位不断增强。2022年我国全社会研发(R&D)经费投入达到3.09万亿元,占据了世界研发投入总额的17.9%,成为世界第二大研发投入国;我国570多家工业企业入围全球研发投入2500强,占比近1/4。2012年以来,规模以上制造业企业研发经费投入总额增长近3倍,研发经费投入强度达到1.55%,相较2012年提高0.69个百分点。我国工业企业发明专利申请数从2012年的17.6万件提高到2022年的55.5万件。二是产业科技创新平台布局不断优化。全国布局建设了27家国家制造业创新中心、2家国家地方共建制造业创新中心、260家省级制造业创新中心,网络化制造业创新生态基本形成。在高新技术领域布局建设国家技术创新中心11家,国家高新技术产业化基地246家。全国23个国家自主创新示范区和178个国家高新技术产业开发区,聚集了43%的专精特新中小企业、36%的高新技术企业、近60%的独角兽企业及67%的科创板上市企业,成为引领带动产业科技创新和高新技术产业发展的重要力量。三是重点领域科技创新不断取得重大突破。5G、载人航天、探月探火、深海深地探测、航空母舰、大飞机、航空发动机和燃气轮机、高速动车组、大型邮轮、高端医疗装备、能源装备、大型掘进装备等领域取得一批重大标志性成果,关键材料保障能力大幅提升,有力支撑国家重大战略实施和质量强国、航天强国、交通强国、网络强国、数字中国建设。
(iv) The comprehensive strength of enterprises has been greatly improved. First, the number of enterprises has increased greatly. The number of large-scale industrial enterprises has increased from 344,000 in 2012 to 451,000 in 2022. As of the end of 2022, the number of small, medium, and micro enterprises in China exceeded 52 million, becoming an important source of new technologies, new industries, and new industry formats. The number of high-tech enterprises nationwide has now reached 465,000, and they play an important role in supporting high-level S&T self-reliance and the construction of a modernized industrial system. Second, the growth of production chain backbone enterprises has accelerated. There were 142 Chinese enterprises listed in the Fortune 500 in 2023, more than any other country, and 63 of them were manufacturing enterprises. The total assets of the top 500 Chinese manufacturing enterprises grew from RMB 21.44 trillion in 2012 to RMB 50.02 trillion in 2022, and business revenue also nearly doubled, from RMB 23.38 trillion to RMB 51.06 trillion. Third, specialized, refined, distinctive, and innovative enterprises are emerging at an accelerating pace. Nationwide, more than 103,000 specialized, refined, distinctive, and innovative SMEs have been incubated in the manufacturing industry, along with 12,000 “little giants,” and 1,186 “single-item champion” enterprises (whose market share of products in key segments ranks among the top three in the world). Up to now, over 1,700 specialized, refined, distinctive, and innovative SMEs have been listed on the A-share market, accounting for 33% of A-share listed enterprises. From January to November 2023, specialized, refined, distinctive, and innovative SMEs accounted for more than 70% of newly listed enterprises on the A-share market. These “singles champions” and “supporting specialists” in niche fields are important and indispensable parts of production and supply chains.
(四)企业综合实力大幅提升。一是企业主体数量大幅增加。规模以上工业企业数量由2012年的34.4万家增加至2022年的45.1万家。截至2022年末,我国中小微企业数量超过5200万户,成为新技术、新产业、新业态的重要源泉。截至目前,全国高新技术企业数量达46.5万家,在支撑高水平科技自立自强和现代化产业体系建设中发挥了重要作用。二是产业链骨干企业加快壮大。2023年入围世界500强的中国企业有142家,位居世界第一,其中制造业企业数量达到63家。中国制造业企业500强资产总额从2012年的21.44万亿元增长到2022年的50.02万亿元,营业收入从23.38万亿元增长到51.06万亿元,双双翻了一番。三是专精特新企业加速涌现。全国已培育专精特新中小企业10.3万多家,“小巨人”企业1.2万家,制造业“单项冠军”企业1186家(重点细分领域产品市场占有率位居全球前三)。截至目前,累计有1700多家专精特新中小企业在A股上市,占A股上市企业总数的33%;2023年1—11月,A股新上市企业中专精特新中小企业占比超过70%。这些细分领域的“单打冠军”和“配套专家”,是产业链供应链不可或缺的重要组成部分。
(v) The information and communications industry has achieved development by leaps and bounds. Since the 18th Party Congress, we have deeply grasped the information technology development trend and implemented the cyber superpower strategy. The information and communication industry has achieved repeated leaps, and its strategic, foundational, and pioneering roles have become more prominent. First, we have built a technologically leading information and communication network, which is the largest in the world. The broadband network has realized rapid growth, from ten megabit to one hundred megabit and to one gigabit speeds. All prefecture-level cities nationwide have completed optical network city construction, achieving “city-to-city gigabit communication,” with gigabit users accounting for more than 70% of the global total. Over 3.28 million 5G base stations have been built, achieving “county-to-county 5G communication.” With the implementation of universal telecom services, administrative villages nationwide have realized “village-to-village broadband communication,” and 95% of townships nationwide have 5G. Data centers have over 7.6 million standard racks, and we rank second in the world in the scale of computing power. Second, the technology industry has succeeded in going from “following and imitating” to “leading and innovating.” Mobile communication technology has achieved leapfrog development from “breaking through in 3G” and “drawing even in 4G” to “leading in 5G,” with 5G standard essential patent declarations accounting for 42% of the world’s total. The global share of China’s 5G base station equipment shipments is over 50%, and its global market share in optical communication equipment is over 40%. China is among the world’s top countries in the R&D of 6G, quantum communication, blockchain, and other cutting-edge technologies. The international competitiveness of enterprises has been greatly enhanced, and hundreds of thousands of high-end technology R&D talents have been trained, along with large numbers of professionals in operation and maintenance, management, and other areas. Third, the integration of applications has accelerated the whole process of empowering all economic and social areas. The internet industry has gone from a single 64K network cable when international internet access began in 1994 to the current 1.08 billion internet users, a total fiber optic cable length of 61.96 million kilometers, and average annual industry output valued at more than RMB 1 trillion, making China the world’s largest and most active digital consumer market. In terms of consumption, comprehensive coverage of clothing, food, housing, and transportation has been achieved. China’s online retail sales reached RMB 13.8 trillion in 2022, having ranked first in the world for ten consecutive years, and the scale of mobile payment increased 215-fold since 2012. Intelligent logistics is accelerating its spread from cities to villages, and new applications such as online ride-hailing and livestreaming e-commerce are emerging, creating over 20 million new flexible jobs. Eight Chinese platform companies have entered the ranks of the top 30 global internet companies by market capitalization. In terms of production, the industrial internet has developed rapidly from nothing to something, and from small to large, and five systems—network, identification, platform, data, and security systems—have been initially built. The core industry scale exceeds RMB 1.2 trillion, and systematic development is at the forefront in the world. Industrial internet applications have been integrated into 49 major categories of the national economy, achieving full coverage of major industrial categories; and 5G and gigabit optical networks have seen large-scale extension to ports, mines, and key industries like manufacturing, firmly establishing the “5G factory” brand. In terms of people’s livelihood, the networking rate of primary and secondary schools nationwide has reached 100%, telemedicine now covers all poverty alleviation counties, 1,924 websites and apps closely related to people with disabilities and the elderly have completed upgrading for aging-adaptation and accessibility improvement, and the “respect for elders” dedicated phone line has served more than 300 million people, thereby promoting the expansion of high-quality public service resources to a wider scope and range of people. Fourth, security assurance ability has been continuously strengthened. For the critical information infrastructure of networks, there has been a significant leap in security protection ability, and the basic telecommunications network has maintained safe operation. The building of security capacity for new types of facilities such as the industrial internet and vehicle telematics has kept pace with development, and formation of a data security management system in the industry and information technology fields has accelerated. The overall size of the network security industry has surpassed RMB 200 billion.
(五)信息通信业实现跨越式发展。党的十八大以来,我们深入把握信息技术发展演进趋势,实施网络强国战略,信息通信业实现迭代跨越,战略性、基础性、先导性作用更加凸显。一是建成全球规模最大、技术领先的信息通信网络。宽带网络实现从十兆到百兆再到千兆的快速增长,全国所有地级市建成光网城市,实现“市市通千兆”,千兆用户全球占比超过70%。累计建设5G基站超328万个,实现“县县通5G”。实施电信普遍服务,全国行政村实现“村村通宽带”,全国乡镇通5G 比例已超过99.5%。数据中心规模超760万标准机架,算力规模全球排名第二。二是技术产业实现从“跟随模仿”到“引领创新”。移动通信技术实现从“3G 突破”、“4G 同步”到“5G 引领”的跨越发展,5G 标准必要专利声明量全球占比达42%,5G基站设备出货量全球占比超50%,光通信设备等全球市场份额超40%。6G、量子通信、区块链等前沿技术研发处于全球第一阵营。企业国际竞争力大幅增强,培养了数十万高端技术研发人才和一大批运维、管理等专业人才。三是融合应用加速赋能经济社会各领域全过程。从1994年接入国际互联网、仅有一条网速64K 的网线,到当前拥有10.8亿网民、光缆总长6196万公里、年均产值超万亿元的产业,我国已成为全球最大、最活跃的数字消费市场。消费方面,实现衣食住行全面覆盖,2022年我国网络零售额达13.8万亿元,连续十年居世界首位;移动支付规模相比2012年增长215倍。智能物流从城市到乡村加速普及,网约车、电商直播等新型应用不断涌现,创造超过2000万个新型灵活就业岗位。8家平台企业进入全球互联网企业市值前30强。生产方面,工业互联网从无到有、从小到大、快速发展,初步建成网络、标识、平台、数据、安全五大体系,核心产业规模突破1.2万亿元,体系化发展走在全球前列。工业互联网应用已融入49个国民经济大类,实现工业大类全覆盖,5G、千兆光网在制造、港口、矿山等重点行业规模化推广,树立了“5G工厂”品牌。民生方面,全国中小学联网率达到100%,远程医疗覆盖所有脱贫县,1924个与残疾人、老年人密切相关的网站和App完成适老化改造和无障碍改造升级,尊老电话专线服务超过3亿人次,推动优质公共服务资源向更大范围、更广人群拓展。四是安全保障能力不断增强。网络关键信息基础设施安全防护能力大幅跃升,基础电信网络保持安全运行。工业互联网、车联网等新型设施安全能力建设与发展同步,工信领域数据安全管理体系加快形成。网络安全产业总体规模突破2000亿元。
While China’s industrial development has made great progress, it is still at an important juncture of going from big to strong and overcoming obstacles. From a domestic perspective, imbalances and inadequacies in manufacturing industry development are still pronounced, there are still conspicuous shortcomings in key and core technologies, basic industrial capabilities, and production and supply chain security and stability, and some industries suffer from inadequate supply of high-quality products, overcapacity, etc. Enterprises, especially SMEs, still have relatively numerous production and operation problems, and there is insufficient in-depth integration of the innovation, production, financial, and talent chains. From an international perspective, the United States has regarded China as its “most important strategic competitor” in recent years, and has constantly constrained and suppressed China’s advanced manufacturing industry. At the same time, emerging economies have stepped up policy support for receiving industrial transfers, attempting to create new global manufacturing bases. Under these circumstances, it can be said that if you do not progress or progress slowly, you fall behind, so the challenge is huge and the responsibility great.
我国工业发展虽然取得长足进步,但仍处在由大变强、爬坡过坎的重要关口。从国内看,制造业发展不平衡不充分问题仍然突出,在关键核心技术、产业基础能力、产业链供应链安全稳定等方面还存在突出短板,部分行业存在高质量产品供给不足、产能过剩等情况,企业特别是中小企业生产经营困难依然较多,创新链、产业链、资金链、人才链之间深度融合不够。从国际看,近年来,美国视我为“最重要的战略竞争对手”,针对我国先进制造业不断遏制打压。同时,新兴经济体国家加大政策支持承接产业转移,力图打造新的全球制造业基地。在这样的形势下,可以说是,不进则退、慢进亦退,挑战巨大、责任重大。
Although the situation is complicated and severe, we must see that we have General Secretary Xi Jinping at the helm, and Xi Jinping’s thought on socialism with Chinese characteristics for the new era as a scientific guide, and the advantage of a new structure for leveraging national capabilities to accomplish major tasks, and that the certainties and favorable conditions for sustained domestic development continue to increase. The promotion of high-quality development, construction of the new development pattern, the building of a modernized industrial system, and promotion of the new type of industrialization are accelerating the release of enormous development momentum. We have a super-large domestic demand market with a population of more than 1.4 billion and a middle-income group of more than 400 million, abundant application scenarios, the world’s most complete industrial system, more than 50 million enterprises of various types complementing each other’s strengths and competing with each other for development, and abundant human resources with a labor force of more than 700 million, more than 240 million skilled talents, and 12 million college graduates every year. Looking towards the future, we are confident and capable of seizing the opportunities and meeting the challenges, accelerating the new industrialization, and building China into a manufacturing superpower.
形势虽然复杂严峻,但要看到,我们有习近平总书记领航掌舵,有习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想科学指引,有集中力量办大事的新型举国体制优势,国内持续发展的确定性因素和有利条件不断增多,推动高质量发展、构建新发展格局、建设现代化产业体系、推进新型工业化,正加快释放巨大发展动能。我们有14亿多人口和4亿多中等收入群体的超大规模内需市场,有丰富的应用场景,有全球最完整的产业体系,有5000多万家各类企业优势互补、竞相发展,有7亿多劳动力、2.4亿多技能人才和每年1200万高校毕业生的丰富人力资源。面向未来,我们有信心、有能力把握机遇、应对挑战,加快推进新型工业化,建成制造强国。
We also face a major opportunity, and that is the new round of S&T revolution and industrial change. It is widely believed that the new round of S&T revolution and industrial change is led by artificial intelligence, and its main feature is that industries are becoming increasingly intelligent, green, and integrated. Historically, every round of S&T revolution and industrial change has greatly improved production efficiency, greatly altered modes of production, and spawned many new industries and new fields of competition, causing the industrial system to undergo systematic restructuring. The experience of successive industrial revolutions also shows that whoever can seize the opportunities of an S&T revolution, occupy the S&T high ground, and take the lead will be able to ride the momentum and be at the forefront of modernization and development. So far, the world has experienced a total of three industrial revolutions. The first industrial revolution, marked by the invention and widespread application of the steam engine, started in England in the 1760s, as England took the first steps in the rise of the empire on which “the sun never sets.” The second industrial revolution began in the late 1860s and was marked by the invention and widespread use of electricity. Germany and the United States seized the opportunity to catch up with the old capitalist powers such as Britain and France. After the 1940s, the third industrial revolution was marked by the invention and application of atomic energy and electronic computers, etc. Japan pushed forward the country’s industrialization process, centered on manufacturing industry development, and joined the ranks of the world’s powerful countries. Unfortunately, China missed out on these three industrial revolutions due to a variety of historical reasons. It thus missed important opportunities for development, and fell into a backward and beaten down state.
我们还面临一个重大机遇,那就是新一轮科技革命和产业变革。大家普遍认为,新一轮科技革命和产业变革以人工智能为引领,主要特征是产业的智能化、绿色化、融合化发展。历史上,每一次科技革命和产业变革都极大提升了生产效率、极大改变了生产方式,并催生很多新产业新赛道,使产业体系发生系统性重构。历次工业革命的经验也表明,谁能抓住科技革命的机遇、占领科技制高点,谁能占得先机,谁就能乘势而上,谁就能在现代化发展中走在前列。迄今为止,全球一共经历了三次工业革命。第一次工业革命于18世纪60年代从英国发轫,以蒸汽机的发明和广泛应用为标志,英国先行一步崛起为“日不落”帝国。第二次工业革命始于19世纪60年代后期,以电力的发明和广泛应用为标志,德国、美国抓住机遇,实现了对英法等老牌资本主义强国的赶超。20世纪40年代以后,第三次工业革命以原子能、电子计算机等的发明和应用为主要标志,日本以发展制造业为中心,推进国家工业化进程,跻身世界强国行列。遗憾的是,这三次工业革命,我国由于各种历史原因都失之交臂,错过了重要发展机遇,陷入落后挨打的境地。
At present, a new round of S&T revolution and industrial change is developing vigorously, and we are once again ushering in historic development opportunities and challenges. After decades of unremitting efforts and long-term accumulation, especially after seizing the “opening move” in recent years, China has formed first-mover advantages in key areas such as new generation information technology and new energy. We must proactively adapt to and lead the new trends in industrial S&T, and, with a strong sense of urgency, sense of mission, and sense of responsibility, we must keep pace with the times, vigorously promote the new industrialization, and firmly grasp the development initiative.
当前,新一轮科技革命和产业变革蓬勃发展,我们再次迎来发展的历史机遇和挑战。经过几十年来的不懈努力和长期积累,特别是近年来抢下“先手棋”,我国在新一代信息技术、新能源等部分关键领域形成先发优势。我们要积极主动适应和引领产业科技新趋势,以强烈的紧迫感、使命感、责任感,跟上时代步伐,大力推进新型工业化,牢牢把握发展主动权。
III. Key Tasks for Vigorously Promoting the New Industrialization in the New Era and New Journey
三、新时代新征程大力推进新型工业化的重点任务
2023 was a milestone year in the history of China’s industrial development. General Secretary Xi Jinping repeatedly gave important instructions, emphasizing that the manufacturing industry must be built firmly, and that we must accelerate the construction of a modern industrial system with advanced manufacturing as the backbone. From September 22 to 23 [2023], the Party Central Committee held a national conference on promoting the new industrialization. General Secretary Xi Jinping gave important instructions and Premier Li Qiang attended and spoke at the conference. This was the first time that the Party Central Committee has held a national conference on the theme of new industrialization. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that, for the new era and new journey, realizing the new industrialization is the key task to comprehensively promote superpower construction and national rejuvenation with Chinese-style modernization, and emphasized that organically combining the building of China into a manufacturing superpower with the development of the digital economy, industrial informatization, etc., will build a strong material and technological foundation for Chinese-style modernization. The important instructions of General Secretary Xi Jinping, which have profoundly elaborated the great significance, important principles, and key tasks of promoting new industrialization for the new era and new journey, are highly political, ideological, and instructive, and have clearly pointed the direction for doing the related work well.
2023年是我国工业发展史上具有里程碑意义的一年。习近平总书记多次作出重要指示,强调制造业必须筑牢,加快构建以先进制造业为骨干的现代化产业体系。9月22日至23日,党中央召开全国新型工业化推进大会,习近平总书记作出重要指示,李强总理出席大会并讲话。这是党中央首次以新型工业化为主题召开全国性会议。习近平总书记指出,新时代新征程,以中国式现代化全面推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业,实现新型工业化是关键任务,强调把建设制造强国同发展数字经济、产业信息化等有机结合,为中国式现代化构筑强大物质技术基础。习近平总书记的重要指示,深刻阐述了新时代新征程推进新型工业化的重大意义、重要原则、重点任务,具有很强的政治性、思想性、指导性,为做好相关工作指明了方向。
The year 2024 is the 75th anniversary of the founding of the People’s Republic of China, a key year for achieving the goals and tasks of the 14th Five-Year Plan, and an important year for fully implementing the arrangements of the National Conference to Promote New Industrialization. At the Central Economic Work Conference, General Secretary Xi Jinping put forward for the first time the principles-based understanding of “five musts” for properly doing economic work in the new era, and emphasized constructing a modern industrial system led by S&T innovation, and vigorously promoting new industrialization. This further clarified the direction and provided fundamental guidelines for our work. We must fully implement the strategic arrangements of the CCP Central Committee, focus on the central work of economic construction and the primary task of high-quality development, and firmly grasp the key task of achieving the new industrialization. Adhering to taking the new development concept as the guideline, S&T self-reliance and self-improvement as the support, building China into a manufacturing superpower as the strategic focus, meeting the people’s need for better life as the fundamental purpose, and promoting a high level of opening up to the outside as the important path, we will work long and hard to make new breakthroughs and new achievements in promoting the new industrialization, thereby building a strong material and technological foundation for Chinese-style modernization.
2024年是中华人民共和国成立75周年,是实现“十四五”规划目标任务的关键一年,也是全面落实全国新型工业化推进大会部署的重要之年。习近平总书记在中央经济工作会议上,首次提出新时代做好经济工作的“五个必须”规律性认识,强调以科技创新引领现代化产业体系建设,大力推进新型工业化。这为我们的工作进一步指明了方向、提供了根本遵循。我们要全面落实党中央战略部署,聚焦经济建设这一中心工作和高质量发展这一首要任务,牢牢把握实现新型工业化这一关键任务,坚持以新发展理念为引领、以科技自立自强为支撑、以建设制造强国为战略重点、以满足人民美好生活需要为根本目的、以推进高水平对外开放为重要路径,真抓实干、久久为功,推动新型工业化不断取得新突破新成效,为中国式现代化构筑强大物质技术基础。
(i) Striving to promote the steady growth of the industrial economy. Industry plays a “ballast” role in stabilizing the macro-economy. At present, China’s industrial economy is showing a recovery trend. In the first 11 months of 2023, the value added of large-scale industrial enterprises increased by 4.3% year-on-year, with the growth rate having accelerated by 0.7 percentage points compared with that of 2022, and since August in particular, the growth rate has increased month by month. For the next steps, we must continue allowing the industrial economy to play its “ballast” role in stabilizing the overall macroeconomic situation; centered around consolidating and enhancing the industrial economy’s recovery, we must continue to land good policy “combination punches,” deeply implement the work plans for ensuring stable growth in ten key industries, support major industrial provinces and key provinces and cities in continuing to “play the leading role,” consolidate and enhance the power source and growth pole roles of key regions including Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, the Yangtze River Delta, and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau, and guide central cities and key urban agglomerations in highlighting their characteristics and advantages, and achieving differentiated development. We must make collaborative efforts to promote the “troika” of consumption, investment, and exports, boost consumption of new energy vehicles and electronic products, and explore and cultivate new sources of consumption growth such as smart homes and “trendy” national products; accelerate implementation of the major projects planned in the 14th Five-Year Plan, support enterprises in carrying out technological transformation and upgrading, and expand effective investment in the manufacturing industry; consolidate and enhance our export advantages in the “three new kinds” of products, stabilize and expand industrial product exports, and create more new sources of export growth.
(一)全力促进工业经济平稳增长。工业在稳定宏观经济大盘中发挥“压舱石”作用。当前,我国工业经济呈现回升向好态势。2023年前11个月,规模以上工业增加值同比增长4.3%,增速较2022年加快0.7个百分点,特别是8月份以来增速逐月加快。下一步,我们要继续发挥好工业经济在稳定宏观经济大盘中的“压舱石”作用,围绕巩固和增强工业经济回升向好态势,持续打好政策“组合拳”,深入实施十大重点行业稳增长工作方案,支持工业大省、重点省市继续“挑大梁”,巩固提升京津冀、长三角、粤港澳等重点区域动力源和增长极作用,引导中心城市和重点城市群突出特色优势、实现差异化发展。要推动消费、投资、出口“三驾马车”协同发力,提振新能源汽车、电子产品等大宗消费,发掘培育智能家居、国货“潮品”等新消费增长点;加快实施“十四五”规划重大工程项目,支持企业开展技术改造升级,扩大制造业有效投资;巩固提升“新三样”产品出口优势,稳定和扩大工业产品出口,打造更多出口新增长点。
(ii) Enhancing industrial S&T innovation ability. S&T innovation is the fundamental impetus for promoting the new industrialization. We must accelerate the construction and improvement of an industrial S&T innovation system that is demand-oriented, application-driven, and enterprise-led, and that organically combines government, industry, universities, research institutes, and financial institutions, and strengthen in-depth integration of S&T innovation and industrial innovation, so as to truly use S&T innovation to promote industrial innovation and lead the construction of a modern industrial system. The focus should be on strengthening five aspects: technology, enterprises, platforms, services, and parks. First, we will strengthen research to tackle key and core technologies. We must comprehensively implement high-quality development actions for key production chains, make up weaknesses, forge new strengths, reinforce the foundation, and deeply implement major technical equipment research projects and industrial foundation re-engineering projects using the market as the driver, so as to create independently controllable, safe, and reliable production and supply chains. Second, we will accelerate the incubation of innovative enterprises. We must reinforce the primary position of enterprises in S&T innovation, promote concentration of all kinds of innovation factors of production in enterprises, and further expand all types of primary innovation entities, including S&T-based leading enterprises, high-tech enterprises, “single-item champion” manufacturing enterprises, and S&T and innovation-oriented SMEs. We are studying the formulation of measures for gradient-based incubation [梯度培育] of “unicorn” enterprises, aiming at the cutting-edge of industrial S&T innovation, convergence of innovation resources, and strengthening of precise services, so as to cultivate more “unicorn” enterprises and accelerate the formation of new quality productive forces [新质生产力]. Third, we will continue to optimize the innovation platform network. We must increase support for manufacturing innovation centers, and build five to ten new national manufacturing innovation centers for key fields. We must refine manufacturing pilot development policies, and build a number of experimental verification platforms and pilot platforms for key materials, major equipment, industrial software, and other key areas. Fourth, we will strengthen S&T innovation service support. We must strengthen quality support and standards leadership, and implement “excellent quality in manufacturing” projects and new industry standardization pilot projects. We must improve policies for S&T service industry development, promote the deep integration of advanced manufacturing and modern service industries, create an upgraded version of the “Torch” program brand, and incubate specialized, market-oriented, and internationalized S&T intermediary organizations. Fifth, we will better exploit the role of parks of various kinds. We must promote the quality and efficiency improvement of national high-tech development zones, and optimize the layout and construction of national high-tech industrialization bases and high-tech industrial clusters. We must give full play to the role of national independent innovation demonstration zones, boldly explore and optimize innovation mechanisms, and create world-leading S&T parks and centers of innovation. We must launch the creation of national new industrialization demonstration zones, and incubate world-class advanced manufacturing clusters.
(二)提升产业科技创新能力。科技创新是推进新型工业化的根本动力,要加快建设完善需求导向、应用牵引、企业主体、政产学研金有机结合的产业科技创新体系,加强科技创新和产业创新深度融合,真正以科技创新推动产业创新,以科技创新引领现代化产业体系建设。重点从技术、企业、平台、服务、园区五个方面来加强。一是加强关键核心技术攻关。全面实施重点产业链高质量发展行动,统筹补短板、锻长板、强基础,深入实施重大技术装备攻关工程和产业基础再造工程,以市场为牵引,打造自主可控、安全可靠的产业链供应链。二是加快培育创新型企业。强化企业科技创新主体地位,推动各类创新要素向企业集聚,进一步壮大科技型领军企业、高新技术企业、制造业“单项冠军”企业、科技和创新型中小企业等各类创新主体。我们正在研究制定“独角兽”企业梯度培育办法,瞄准产业科技创新前沿,汇聚创新资源,强化精准服务,培育更多“独角兽”企业,加快形成新质生产力。三是持续优化创新平台网络。加大对制造业创新中心的支持力度,同时在重点领域再新建5—10家国家制造业创新中心。完善制造业中试发展政策,在关键材料、重大装备、工业软件等关键领域建设一批试验验证平台和中试平台。四是加强科技创新服务支撑。加强质量支撑和标准引领,实施制造业卓越质量工程和新产业标准化领航工程。完善科技服务业发展政策,推进先进制造业与现代服务业深度融合,打造“火炬”品牌升级版,培育专业化市场化国际化科技中介组织。五是更好发挥各类园区作用。推进国家高新技术开发区提质增效,优化国家高新技术产业化基地、高新技术产业集群布局建设。发挥好国家自主创新示范区作用,大胆探索优化创新机制,打造世界领先科技园区和创新高地。启动创建国家新型工业化示范区,培育世界级先进制造业集群。
(iii) Accelerating the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries. China’s traditional industries are huge. They include iron and steel, non-ferrous metals, petrochemicals and chemicals, building materials, light industry, machinery, textiles and garments, food, and traditional Chinese medicine, and account for more than 80% of the manufacturing industry. Traditional industries are linked to economic development and the national livelihood, and are the base of the modernized industrial system. They are the fundamental basis for China to maintain its position as the world’s number one manufacturing power. Whether now or in the future, we cannot treat traditional industries as “low-end industries” and simply withdraw from them. We must put the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries in a more important position, throw a “combination punch” for them, and accelerate the high-end, intelligent, and green development of traditional industries, so that “new shoots sprout from old trees.”. First, we will formulate policy documents to promote the transformation and upgrading of traditional manufacturing industries. We must increase financial support and refine standards for the technological transformation of manufacturing enterprises, implement tax incentives and special refinancing policies, and strengthen the construction of laws and regulations, so as to promote equipment renewal, technological upgrading, management innovation, and digital empowerment. Second, we will implement manufacturing technology upgrading projects. Focusing on key industries such as iron and steel, non-ferrous metals, and light industry, we must broaden the application of digital and green technologies, and promote technological transformation and equipment renewal on a large-scale. Third, we will implement actions to “increase varieties, improve quality, and create brands.” We must accelerate the development of green, intelligent, and innovative products, improve quality, and establish brands. Fourth, we will promote the orderly transfer of industries at home and abroad. We must continue to organize industrial transfer and development linkage activities, and support the central and western regions in boosting their ability to receive industrial transfers, so as to maintain China’s complete industrial system advantage.
(三)加快改造提升传统产业。我国传统产业体量大,包括钢铁、有色、石化化工、建材、轻工、机械、纺织服装、食品、中药等,在制造业中占比超过80%。传统产业是现代化产业体系的基底,关系经济发展和国计民生,是我国保持全球第一制造业大国地位的基本盘。不管现在还是将来,都不能把传统产业当成“低端产业”简单退出。我们要把改造提升传统产业摆在更加重要位置,打出一套“组合拳”,加快传统产业高端化、智能化、绿色化发展,让传统产业“老树发新芽”。一是制定推动传统制造业转型升级的政策文件。加大制造业企业技术改造资金支持力度,落实税收优惠和专项再贷款政策,完善企业技改标准,加强法规制度建设,推动设备更新、工艺升级、管理创新、数字赋能。二是实施制造业技术改造升级工程。聚焦钢铁、有色、轻工等重点行业,广泛应用数智技术、绿色技术,推动大规模技术改造和设备更新。三是深入实施“增品种、提品质、创品牌”行动。加快绿色、智慧、创新产品开发,把质量搞上去、品牌立起来。四是促进产业在国内外有序转移。继续办好产业转移发展对接活动,支持中西部地区提升承接产业转移能力,保持好我国完整产业体系优势。
(iv) Consolidating and enhancing the leading position of advantageous industries. At present, China’s rail transportation equipment, ship and ocean engineering equipment, electric power equipment, new energy vehicles, photovoltaics, communications equipment, power battery, rare earth, and super-hard materials and products industries have drawn even or taken leading positions. This is an important mark of the strides China’s manufacturing industry has taken toward the high end of the global value chain, and we must consolidate this advantage and use it well. We must accelerate production chain strengthening and extension and the making up of production chain shortcomings, expand scale advantages, enhance technological advantages, and promote upstream and downstream supply-demand linkage and coordinated development, thereby enhancing the competitiveness of the whole production chain. We must enhance the supply of high-end products, and promote high-end applications of rare earths in fields such as aerospace, electronic information, and new energy. We must pay close attention to the disruptive changes caused by new technological breakthroughs, identify risk points, optimize and adjust development strategies in a timely manner, and strengthen the innovation and iteration of new technologies and new products to avoid being “overtaken at the turn.” With regard to the risk of overcapacity in some fields, it is necessary to strengthen regulatory guidance and quality supervision, strengthen production capacity monitoring and early warning, give full play to the role of the market, increase industrial concentration, and promote industrial clustering-based development.
(四)巩固提升优势产业领先地位。当前,我国轨道交通装备、船舶与海洋工程装备、电力装备、新能源汽车、光伏、通信设备、动力电池、稀土、超硬材料及制品等产业处于并跑乃至领跑位置,这是我国制造业向全球价值链中高端迈进的重要标志,必须把这个优势巩固好、发挥好。要加快强链延链补链,扩大规模优势,增强技术优势,促进上下游供需对接、协同发展,提升全产业链竞争力。要增强高端产品供给,促进稀土在航空航天、电子信息、新能源等领域高端应用。要高度关注新技术突破引发的颠覆性变革,找准风险点位,及时优化调整发展策略,加强新技术新产品创新迭代,避免被“弯道超车”。针对部分领域产能过剩风险,要加强规范引导和质量监管,加强产能监测预警,发挥市场作用,提高产业集中度,推进产业集群化发展。
(v) Actively incubating emerging industries and future industries. China’s strategic emerging industries currently account for about 13% of GDP, and the 14th Five-Year Plan proposes that by 2025 the value added of strategic emerging industries will account for more than 17% of GDP, so there is enormous room and potential for development. We must borrow lessons from the successful experiences of 5G, new energy vehicles, and other new industries, coordinate technological innovation, large-scale development, and application scenario construction, actively develop new productive forces, and strive to seize the commanding heights of global industrial competition. First, we will cultivate more new pillars and areas of competition. We must make good use of our large domestic market and abundant application scenarios, develop and expand new energy, new materials, intelligent internet-connected vehicles, high-end equipment, biomedicine and high-end medical equipment, security and emergency equipment, and other emerging industries, promote the large-scale application of the BeiDou [navigation satellite system] in the communication and mass consumption fields, and actively cultivate new sources of growth such as bio-manufacturing, commercial spaceflight, and the “low-altitude economy” [低空经济] . Second, we will be forward-looking in laying out future industries. We must formulate and implement policy documents for incubating future industries, promote the R&D and application extension of cutting-edge technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), humanoid robots, the metaverse, next generation internet, 6G, quantum information, and deep-sea and air-space development, so as to build new advantages for future development.
(五)积极培育新兴产业和未来产业。目前我国战略性新兴产业占GDP比重约13%,“十四五”规划提出,到2025年,战略性新兴产业增加值占GDP比重超过17%,发展空间和潜力巨大。要借鉴5G、新能源汽车等新产业领域的成功经验,统筹技术创新、规模化发展和应用场景建设,积极发展新质生产力,努力抢占全球产业竞争制高点。一是培育更多新支柱新赛道。用好国内大市场和丰富应用场景,发展壮大新能源、新材料、智能网联汽车、高端装备、生物医药及高端医疗装备、安全应急装备等新兴产业,推进北斗在通信领域、大众消费领域规模应用,积极培育生物制造、商业航天、低空经济等新的增长点。二是前瞻布局未来产业。制定实施培育未来产业的政策文件,推动人工智能、人形机器人、元宇宙、下一代互联网、6G、量子信息、深海空天开发等前沿技术研发和应用推广,构筑未来发展新优势。
(vi) Promoting AI-based empowerment of new industrialization. AI is the strategic technology leading the new wave of S&T revolution and industrial change. Currently, generative AI is flourishing and accelerating its iteration, and it has come to the fore in fields such as R&D, design, and manufacturing, becoming an important driving force for new industrialization. First, we will vigorously promote digital industrialization. We must develop and grow the core industries of the digital economy, raise the development level of integrated circuits, core electronic components, key software, communication equipment, etc., accelerate the integration and innovation of 5G, Internet of Things, cloud computing, big data, virtual reality, etc., and accelerate development of the network and data security industries, thereby creating new competitive advantages in the digital economy. Second, we will refine the digital infrastructure and service system. Adhering to the coordination of “construction, use, and research,” we must continue to stay moderately ahead in building 5G, computing, and other new types of infrastructure, so as to accelerate the construction of 5G factories. We must further promote industrial internet innovation and development projects, and implement the work program for five systems—network, identification, platform, data, and security. We must bolster efforts to protect industrial data, and systematically enhance the level of data security and application security. Third, we will accelerate the digital transformation of the manufacturing industry. We must implement “1 + N”1 actions for manufacturing industry digital transformation, and accelerate the spread and application of new generation information technology throughout the manufacturing industry and related chains. SMEs account for more than 90% of all enterprises in China. At present, about 80% of SMEs are still in the initial exploration stage of digital transformation, so we must implement special actions for digital empowerment of SMEs, and develop and extend cost-effective digital products, services, and solutions aligned with the needs of SMEs. We must carry out SME digital transformation pilot city [projects], optimize supply, reduce costs, and effectively solve the problem of SMEs being unwilling to, not daring to, or unable to undertake transformation. Fourth, we will promote the innovative application of AI. In terms of next steps in the development of large language model (LLM) technology, the most important focus is on applications in the production field, which will be a new area of very fierce international competition. At present, China’s AI is developing rapidly and is in the world’s top tier overall. China has vast quantities of data, a wealth of [application] scenarios, a huge domestic demand market, and large demand for intelligent transformation of the manufacturing industry, and it leads the world in digital infrastructure construction, all of which provides important support for LLM development. We must take deep integration of AI and the manufacturing industry as the main line, smart manufacturing as the main direction of attack, and scenario applications as the source of traction, and coordinate the layout of general LLMs and custom LLMs for vertical fields, exerting efforts at both the supply and demand ends to create an innovation ecosystem for high-level empowerment of the new industrialization. We must step up investment in innovation and consolidate the technology base in terms of computing, algorithms, models, data, etc., so as to raise the performance level of LLMs. We must deepen implementation of smart manufacturing projects and vigorously develop smart products and equipment, smart factories, and intelligent supply chains.
(六)推进人工智能赋能新型工业化。人工智能是引领新一轮科技革命和产业变革的战略性技术,当前生成式人工智能蓬勃发展、加速迭代,已在研发设计、生产制造等领域崭露头角,成为新型工业化的重要推动力。一是大力推进数字产业化。发展壮大数字经济核心产业,提升集成电路、核心电子元器件、关键软件、通信设备等发展水平,加快5G、物联网、云计算、大数据、虚拟现实等融合创新,加快发展网络和数据安全产业,打造数字经济竞争新优势。二是完善数字基础设施和服务体系。坚持“建、用、研”统筹推进,继续适度超前建设5G、算力等新型基础设施,加快建设5G 工厂。深入推进工业互联网创新发展工程,实施网络、标识、平台、数据、安全五大体系工作方案。强化对工业数据的保护力度,系统增强数据安全、应用安全保障水平。三是加快制造业数字化转型。实施制造业数字化转型“1+N”行动,加快新一代信息技术在制造业全行业全链条普及应用。中小企业占我国企业总数的90%以上,目前约八成仍处于数字化转型的初步探索阶段,我们要深入实施中小企业数字化赋能专项行动,开发推广符合中小企业需求、高性价比的数字化产品、服务和解决方案。开展中小企业数字化转型城市试点,优化供给、降低成本,切实解决中小企业不愿转、不敢转、不会转等问题。四是推动人工智能创新应用。下一步大模型技术发展最主要的一个侧重点是在生产领域的应用,这将是国际竞争非常激烈的一个新赛道。当前,我国人工智能发展迅速,总体处于全球第一梯队。我国拥有海量的数据、丰富的场景和庞大的内需市场,制造业智能化转型需求大,数字基础设施建设全球领先,这为大模型发展提供了重要支撑。要以人工智能和制造业深度融合为主线、智能制造为主攻方向、场景应用为牵引,统筹布局通用大模型和垂直领域专用模型,从供需两端发力,营造创新生态,高水平赋能新型工业化。要加大创新投入,夯实算力、算法、模型、数据等技术底座,提升大模型性能水平。深入实施智能制造工程,大力发展智能产品和装备、智能工厂、智慧供应链。
(vii) Comprehensively promoting the green and low-carbon development of industry. The underlying ecological tone of the new industrialization is green and low-carbon. At present, the industrial sector accounts for about two-thirds of China’s total energy consumption and about 70% of its total carbon emissions, so it is the top priority for achieving carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals. First, we will steadily promote carbon emission reduction in the industrial sector. We must put into effect the implementation programs for carbon peaking in the industrial sector and key industries, and coordinate promotion of carbon peaking in key industries including iron and steel, non-ferrous metals, building materials, and petrochemicals and chemicals. We must improve the structure of industrial energy use, increasing the proportion of clean energy. We must refine the industrial energy conservation management system and accelerate the R&D and extension of energy conservation and carbon reduction technologies. We must accelerate the construction of green energy systems and vigorously develop energy electronics and green energy equipment. Second, we will build green manufacturing and service systems. We must deepen implementation of green manufacturing projects, increase the supply of green products, and create a number of green factories, green industrial parks, and green supply chains. We must vigorously develop green and low-carbon industries, promote the electrification of inland waterways and offshore vessels, and expand consumption of new energy vehicles, green home appliances, energy-efficient and environmentally friendly equipment, and other types of green consumption. Third, we will promote economical and efficient resource utilization. We must comprehensively implement circular production methods, accelerate the recycling-based transformation of industrial parks, and promote circular links and coordinated utilization among enterprises, parks, industries, and regions. We must accelerate construction of the resource recycling and utilization system, focusing on retired batteries, photovoltaic components, wind turbine blades, and other emerging solid wastes, and promote the standardized development of the comprehensive renewable resource utilization industry.
(七)全面推动工业绿色低碳发展。绿色低碳是新型工业化的生态底色。目前,我国工业领域能源消费占总量的2/3左右,碳排放量占比70%左右,是实现碳达峰碳中和目标的重中之重。一是稳妥推进工业领域碳减排。落实工业领域以及重点行业碳达峰实施方案,统筹推进钢铁、有色、建材、石化化工等重点行业碳达峰。改善工业用能结构,提高清洁能源比重。完善工业节能管理制度,加快节能降碳技术研发和推广。加快绿色能源体系建设,大力发展能源电子和绿色能源装备。二是构建绿色制造和服务体系。深入实施绿色制造工程,加大绿色产品供给,打造一批绿色工厂、绿色工业园区、绿色供应链。大力发展绿色低碳产业,推动内河、近海船舶电气化改造,扩大新能源汽车、绿色家电、高效节能环保装备等绿色消费。三是推进资源节约高效利用。全面推行循环生产方式,加快园区循环化改造,促进企业、园区、行业、区域间循环链接和协同利用。聚焦退役动力电池、光伏组件、风电叶片等新兴固废,加快构建资源回收利用体系,推动再生资源综合利用产业规范发展。
(viii) Accelerating the construction of world-class enterprises. Enterprises are the leading force for promoting the new industrialization. In the final analysis, industrial development depends on enterprises, and strong enterprises are required for strong industries, so it is necessary to break down all kinds of market barriers, and stimulate the vitality of high-quality enterprises and the creativity of excellent entrepreneurs. First, we will develop backbone enterprises for the production chain. We must adhere to being “unswerving in two respects,”2 and give full play to the pivotal leading role of central enterprises in important production chains, with the courage to be “chain leaders” of modern production chains. We must encourage the private economy to become bigger and better, protect the property rights of private enterprises and the rights and interests of entrepreneurs in accordance with law, and guide private enterprises in sticking to their main businesses, strengthening their industries, transforming their momentum, and consciously taking the road of high-quality development. We must support leading enterprises in optimizing the integration of production chains, innovation chains, and value chains, and accelerate their development into first-rate enterprises with the ability to dominate their ecosystem and control the production chain. Second, we will promote the development of SMEs based on specialization, refinement, distinctiveness, and novelty. We must fully implement the Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Promotion of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises, adhere to attaching equal importance to management and service, adhere to development and assistance at the same time, and refine the SME work system, policy and regulation system, service system, and operation monitoring system. We must construct a gradient-based system for incubating high-quality enterprises, step up support in the areas of finance, taxation, talents, intellectual property rights, and data, and thereby stimulate the emergence of more specialized, refined, distinctive, and innovative SMEs. We must improve the long-term mechanisms for preventing and resolving arrears in payments to SMEs, and effectively protect the legitimate rights and interests of SMEs. Third, we will promote the harmoniously combined development of large, medium, and small enterprises. We must implement the “Hand-in-Hand Action” to promote collaborative innovation by large, medium-sized, and small enterprises, and guide large enterprises in opening up all kinds of innovation resources to SMEs and sharing production capacity resources with them, thereby supporting and driving SME innovation. We must encourage large enterprises to be the first to try and to use innovative products of SMEs, and promote the popularization and application of supporting products from SMEs.
(八)加快建设世界一流企业。企业是推进新型工业化的主导力量。工业发展归根到底要靠企业,企业强才能工业强,要破除各类市场障碍,激发优质企业的活力和优秀企业家的创造力。一是发展壮大产业链骨干企业。坚持“两个毫不动摇”,发挥中央企业在重要产业链中的龙头中枢作用,勇当现代产业链“链长”。促进民营经济做大做优做强,依法保护民营企业产权和企业家权益,引导民营企业坚守主业、做强实业、转变动能,自觉走高质量发展之路。支持龙头企业优化整合产业链创新链价值链,加快成为具有生态主导力和产业链控制力的一流企业。二是促进中小企业专精特新发展。全面贯彻《中华人民共和国中小企业促进法》,坚持管理和服务并重、发展和帮扶并举,完善中小企业工作体系、政策法规体系、服务体系和运行监测体系。构建优质企业梯度培育体系,加大财税、金融、人才、知识产权、数据等方面支持力度,激发涌现更多专精特新中小企业。健全防范化解拖欠中小企业账款长效机制,切实保护中小企业合法权益。三是促进大中小企业融通发展。实施促进大中小企业融通创新“携手行动”,引导大企业向中小企业开放各类创新资源要素,共享产能资源,支持和带动中小企业创新。鼓励大企业先试、首用中小企业创新产品,促进中小企业配套产品推广应用。
(ix) Inheriting and carrying forward the great spirit. A great undertaking generates a great spirit, and a great spirit promotes a great undertaking. Since the founding of New China, in order to change its backward appearance of poverty and underdevelopment and achieve the country’s prosperity and strength, national revitalization, and people’s happiness, China has implemented a number of strategic, major engineering projects with driving force, taking advantage of its ability to concentrate forces to accomplish major tasks, and made a great number of major achievements, including the “Two Bombs, One satellite” program, manned spaceflight, the Chang’e lunar exploration program, the BeiDou navigation system, Mars exploration, the Five-Hundred-Meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope, large airplanes, aircraft carriers, quantum communications, supercomputers, manned deep submergence, and 5G. These great achievements have fully demonstrated the great power of the Chinese people’s hard work and innovation-driven development, and fully proved the major assertion that “socialism is achieved through hard work.” At the same time that engineering projects have achieved great success, a number of outstanding leaders and innovation-driven teams have emerged, and a number of great spirits have been nurtured. For example, the spirit of the “Two Bombs, One Satellite” program, Daqing [oilfield], manned spaceflight, lunar exploration, and the BeiDou spirit in the new era. These are valuable and important parts of the CCP’s spiritual heritage, which has been inherited and passed down from generation to generation. We must cherish, inherit, and carry forward this heritage, and muster the spirit of work and entrepreneurship, so that we can make new achievements in the new era and new journey.
(九)继承和弘扬伟大精神。伟大事业孕育伟大精神,伟大精神推动伟大事业。新中国成立以来,为改变一穷二白的落后面貌,实现国家富强、民族振兴、人民幸福,我国实施了一批具有战略性、牵引性的重大工程项目,发挥集中力量办大事的优势,取得“两弹一星”、载人航天、嫦娥探月、北斗导航、火星探测、中国天眼、大飞机、航空母舰、量子通信、超级计算机、载人深潜、5G 等一大批重大成果。这些伟大成就充分彰显了中国人民艰苦奋斗、创新发展的伟力,充分印证了“社会主义是干出来的”的重大论断。在工程项目取得巨大成功的同时,涌现出一批杰出的领军人才和创新团队,孕育形成了一批伟大精神。比如,“两弹一星”精神、大庆精神、载人航天精神、探月精神、新时代北斗精神等。这些宝贵精神,是中国共产党人精神谱系的重要组成部分,一脉相承、代代相传。我们要倍加珍惜,继承好、弘扬好这些伟大精神,鼓足干事创业的精气神,在新时代新征程中不断取得新成就。
When strong winds come, we will break through the waves, hang our sail high, and bravely cross the sea. In promoting new industrialization, the prospects are promising, the mission is glorious, and the responsibility is great. Let us unite more closely around the CCP Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core, take Xi Jinping’s thought on socialism with Chinese characteristics for a new era as the guide, deeply comprehend the decisive significance of the “two establishes,”3 enhance and firmly establish the “four matters of confidence”4 and achieve the “two upholds,”5 be pioneering and innovative, shoulder responsibilities and take action, and work hard to comprehensively advance the building of China into a superpower and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation using Chinese-style modernization.
长风破浪会有时,直挂云帆济沧海。推进新型工业化,前景广阔、使命光荣、责任重大。让我们更加紧密地团结在以习近平同志为核心的党中央周围,以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指引,深刻领悟“两个确立”的决定性意义,增强“四个意识”、坚定“四个自信”、做到“两个维护”,开拓创新、担当作为,为以中国式现代化全面推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业而努力奋斗。