推进国家安全体系和能力现代化
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Modernizing the National Security System and Capacity

推进国家安全体系和能力现代化

Guo Shengkun, a former State Councilor who led the Ministry of Public Security, identifies steps he believes Beijing should take to ensure national security amidst an environment he characterizes as increasingly unpredictable, uncertain, and filled with security threats. Guo emphasizes the importance of upholding CCP control of national security work, enhancing China’s economic and technological strength and independence, and improving public security governance.


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General Secretary Xi Jinping’s report at the 20th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) took the overall development strategy of the Party and the nation as a starting point. The report put forward a strategic plan for modernizing the national security system and capacity; it also pointed out the direction and provided a fundamental guidepost for us to do a good job of safeguarding national security and social stability. We must take the study and implementation of the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the CCP as the primary political task. Under the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, we will deeply comprehend the decisive significance of the “Two Establishes,” strengthen the “Four Consciousnesses,” make resolute the “Four Confidences,” and accomplish the “Two Safeguards.” We will unswervingly implement the Overall National Security Outlook, strive to modernize the national security system and capacity, safeguard national security throughout the entire process of the Party and country’s work to ensure national security and social stability, and finally, make greater contributions to both comprehensively build a modern socialist country and also promote the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. 

习近平总书记所作的党的二十大报告从党和国家事业发展战略全局出发,对推进国家安全体系和能力现代化作出了战略部署,为我们做好维护国家安全和社会稳定工作指明了前进方向、提供了根本遵循。我们要把学习贯彻党的二十大精神作为首要政治任务,以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导,深刻领悟“两个确立”的决定性意义,增强“四个意识”、坚定“四个自信”、做到“两个维护”,坚定不移贯彻总体国家安全观,着力推进国家安全体系和能力现代化,把维护国家安全贯穿党和国家工作各方面全过程,确保国家安全和社会稳定,为全面建设社会主义现代化国家、全面推进中华民族伟大复兴作出新的更大贡献。

 I. Fully understand the important significance of modernizing the national security system and capacity

一、充分认识推进国家安全体系和能力现代化的重大意义

Since the 18th National Congress of the CCP, General Secretary Xi Jinping has used the profound insight and theoretical creativity of a Marxist statesman, thinker, and strategist to coordinate the overall strategy of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation as well as the great changes in the world unseen in a century. From the strategic height of adhering to and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era, he has combined Marxist national security theory and contemporary China’s security practices together with the Chinese nation’s excellent traditional strategic culture. Xi has also creatively put forward the Overall National Security Outlook—it profoundly answers how to solve general security issues that are confronted during the development process of a major country as well as how to deal with major contemporary special security issues that are confronted during the critical stage of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Xi promotes the historic leap in the theory and practice of Chinese-style national security, and he has made major, original contributions to the development of Marxist national security theory. In this way, Xi Jinping has provided a fundamental action guide that should be followed in the effort to modernize the national security system and capacity. 

党的十八大以来,习近平总书记以马克思主义政治家、思想家、战略家的深刻洞察力和理论创造力,统筹中华民族伟大复兴战略全局和世界百年未有之大变局,从新时代坚持和发展中国特色社会主义的战略高度,把马克思主义国家安全理论和当代中国安全实践、中华优秀传统战略文化结合起来,创造性提出了总体国家安全观,深刻回答了如何既解决好大国发展进程中面临的共性安全问题、又处理好中华民族伟大复兴关键阶段面临的特殊安全问题这个重大时代课题,推动中国特色国家安全理论和实践实现历史性飞跃,为发展马克思主义国家安全理论作出重大原创性贡献,为推进国家安全体系和能力现代化提供了根本遵循和行动指南。

At present, the world’s great changes unseen in a century are accelerating, and characteristics associated with global changes, era changes, and historical changes are more obvious. China’s development is facing new strategic opportunities, new strategic tasks, new strategic stages, new strategic requirements, and new strategic environments. The risks and challenges that need to be responded to as well as the contradictions and issues that need to be solved are more complicated than before. As such, modernizing the national security system and capacity has taken on a greater and more profound significance. 

当前,世界百年未有之大变局加速演进,世界之变、时代之变、历史之变的特征更加明显,我国发展面临新的战略机遇、新的战略任务、新的战略阶段、新的战略要求、新的战略环境,需要应对的风险和挑战、需要解决的矛盾和问题比以往更加错综复杂,推进国家安全体系和能力现代化具有更加重大而深远的意义。

(1) Modernizing the national security system and capacity is a necessary requirement for guarding against and defusing risks and challenges as well as for providing a strong guarantee for the comprehensive construction of a modern socialist country. National security is the foundation of national rejuvenation, and social stability is the prerequisite for national power and prosperity. In the not very distant past, China gradually became a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society. The painful lessons of national humiliation, the suffering of the people, and the fleeing dust of civilization tell us that without national security, the Chinese nation cannot control its own destiny. The report at the 20th National Congress of the CCP pointed out that “today we are closer, more confident, and capable of realizing the goal of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation than at any time in history; at the same time, we must be prepared to make more arduous and more strenuous efforts.” In this way, the report requires us to “rely on tenacious struggle to open up a cause for development in a new world.” China’s development has entered a period in which strategic opportunities, risks, and challenges coexist and uncertain and unpredictable factors are increasing. Various “black swan” and “gray rhino” incidents may occur at any time. The risks and tests that we face are becoming more and more complicated. We must be all the more conscious of unexpected developments and prepared to withstand big tests of wind, high waves, and even rough seas. Only by adhering to bottom-line thinking, being prepared for danger during times of safety, planning for rainy days, carrying forward the spirit of struggle, enhancing our capacity to struggle, accurately grasping new changes and new trends in the national security situation, and making efforts to modernize the national security system and capacity can we effectively guard against and diffuse major security risks. Furthermore, only by doing these aforementioned things can we provide a strong security guarantee for the comprehensive construction of a socialist modernized country as well as the comprehensive push towards the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. 

(一)推进国家安全体系和能力现代化,是防范化解风险挑战、为全面建设社会主义现代化国家提供有力保障的必然要求。国家安全是民族复兴的根基,社会稳定是国家强盛的前提。近代以来中国逐步成为半殖民地半封建社会,国家蒙辱、人民蒙难、文明蒙尘的惨痛教训告诉我们,失去国家安全保障,中华民族就无法掌握自己的命运。党的二十大报告指出,“今天,我们比历史上任何时期都更接近、更有信心和能力实现中华民族伟大复兴的目标,同时必须准备付出更为艰巨、更为艰苦的努力”,要求我们“依靠顽强斗争打开事业发展新天地”。我国发展进入战略机遇和风险挑战并存、不确定难预料因素增多的时期,各种“黑天鹅”、“灰犀牛”事件随时可能发生,我们面临的风险考验越来越复杂,必须增强忧患意识,准备经受风高浪急甚至惊涛骇浪的重大考验。只有坚持底线思维、居安思危、未雨绸缪,发扬斗争精神,增强斗争本领,准确把握国家安全形势新变化新趋势,着力推进国家安全体系和能力现代化,才能有效防范化解重大安全风险,为全面建设社会主义现代化国家、全面推进中华民族伟大复兴提供坚强安全保障。

(2) Modernizing the national security system and capacity is a necessary requirement for modernizing the national governance system and administering capacity as well as for writing a new chapter in “China’s governance.” Or put differently, the modernization of the national security system and capacity is important for modernizing the national governance system and administering capacity. Since the 18th National Congress of the CCP—and interwoven between the changing circumstances of the century and the epidemic—there has been a clear-cut contrast in that “the East is rising, and the West is declining.” Under the staunch leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core, it is vitally important that we have proceeded from national conditions and reality and have insisted on coordinating and managing the two major issues of development and security. We have written new chapters about the two major miracles of rapid economic development and long-term social stability and also laid an important cornerstone for advancing “China’s governance.” At present, China’s development is in a new historical position, and national governance is confronting many new tasks. These realities have put forward new and higher requirements for the national security system and capacity. Only by taking reform and innovation as driving forces and by striving to improve the national security system into a complete system with scientific norms and effective operations can we ensure that the national security system is compatible with the modernization process of the national governance system and administering capacity. 

(二)推进国家安全体系和能力现代化,是推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化、谱写“中国之治”新篇章的必然要求。推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化,国家安全体系和能力现代化是重要内容。党的十八大以来,在百年变局与世纪疫情交织中“东升西降”形成鲜明对比,至关重要的一条就是我们在以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚强领导下,从国情出发、从实际出发,坚持统筹发展和安全,办好发展和安全两件大事,书写了经济快速发展、社会长期稳定两大奇迹新篇章,为推动“中国之治”奠定了重要基石。当前,我国发展处于新的历史方位,国家治理面临许多新任务,对国家安全体系和能力提出新的更高要求。只有以改革创新为动力,着力完善系统完备、科学规范、运行有效的国家安全制度体系,才能确保国家安全体系和能力同国家治理体系和治理能力现代化进程相适应。

(3) Modernizing the national security system and capacity is a necessary requirement for constructing a more secure China and for satisfying the ever-growing security needs of the people. Having a country that is both prosperous and secure is the most fundamental and universal aspiration of the people. Safeguarding national security is in the fundamental interests of people of all ethnic groups across the country. In the new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics, security is becoming ever more important, diversified, and multi-layered in people’s pursuit of a better life. From life and property security to various factors such as secure employment, safe housing, well-being, and peace-of-mind, the connotation of security continues to expand; standard requirements are both newer and higher. Only by continuously modernizing the national security system and capacity, by striving to construct a more secure China, and by striving to solve the most direct and real security issues that the people are most concerned about, can the people’s sense of gain, happiness, and security be more substantial, ensured, and sustainable and better satisfy the people’s yearning for a better life.

(三)推进国家安全体系和能力现代化,是建设更高水平的平安中国、满足人民群众日益增长的安全需要的必然要求。国泰民安是人民群众最基本、最普遍的愿望,维护国家安全是全国各族人民根本利益所在。中国特色社会主义新时代,安全在人民对美好生活的追求中分量越来越重、越来越多样化多层次,从生命财产安全上升到安业、安居、安康、安心等各方面,内涵外延不断拓展,标准要求更新更高。只有不断推进国家安全体系和能力现代化,努力建设更高水平的平安中国,着力解决人民群众最关心最直接最现实的安全问题,才能让人民群众获得感、幸福感、安全感更加充实、更有保障、更可持续,更好满足人民群众对美好生活的向往。

II. Accurately grasp the general requirements for modernizing the national security system and capacity

二、准确把握推进国家安全体系和能力现代化的总体要求

The 20th Party Congress report clarified the overall requirements for modernizing the national security system and capacity. We must firmly grasp, persist, and resolutely implement these requirements in practice. 

党的二十大报告明确了推进国家安全体系和能力现代化的总体要求,我们必须牢牢把握、始终坚持,坚决贯彻落实到实践中去。

(1) Adhere to the absolute leadership of the Party. This is the highest principle and fundamental pledge needed to modernize the national security system and capacity. Since the 18th Party Congress, General Secretary Xi Jinping has attached great importance to national security work. He emphasizes that ensuring national security is a top priority and serves as the Chairman of the Central Committee’s National Security Commission (NSC). Xi Jinping makes strategic plans and comprehensive arrangements for national security; he uses his uncommon political wisdom, outstanding skills in the art of struggling, and firm willpower to safeguard national sovereignty, security, and development interests. He furthermore promotes the continuous improvement of the national security leadership system, legal system, strategic system, and policy system. National security has been comprehensively strengthened and has withstood risks, challenges, and tests from fields such as politics, economics, ideology, and the natural world. For these reasons, a strong guarantee has been provided for the prosperity and long-term stability of the Party and the country. Practice has fully proved that it is precisely because General Secretary Xi Jinping is the core of the Party Central Committee and the core navigator and operator of the entire Party that the safeguarding of national security has a backbone that is of the greatest reliability. We must do the following to modernize the national security system and capacity: focus attention and energy on upholding both the Party’s absolute leadership over national security work as well as the Party Central Committee’s centralized and unified leadership over national security work, unswervingly follow the path of national security with Chinese characteristics, improve institutional mechanisms and systems, and earnestly implement the Party’s leadership throughout the entire process of all aspects of national security work. 

(一)坚持党的绝对领导。这是推进国家安全体系和能力现代化的最高原则和根本保证。党的十八大以来,习近平总书记高度重视国家安全工作,突出强调保证国家安全是头等大事,亲自担任中央国家安全委员会主席,对国家安全作出战略擘画、全面部署,以超凡的政治智慧、非凡的斗争艺术、坚定的意志品质维护国家主权、安全、发展利益,推动国家安全领导体制和法治体系、战略体系、政策体系不断完善,国家安全得到全面加强,经受住了来自政治、经济、意识形态、自然界等方面的风险挑战考验,为党和国家兴旺发达、长治久安提供了有力保证。实践充分证明,正是因为有了习近平总书记作为党中央的核心、全党的核心领航掌舵,维护国家安全才有了最可靠的主心骨。推进国家安全体系和能力现代化,要紧紧围绕坚持党对国家安全工作的绝对领导、坚持党中央对国家安全工作的集中统一领导,坚定不移走中国特色国家安全道路,完善体制机制和制度体系,切实把党的领导贯穿到国家安全工作各方面全过程。

(2) Treating people’s security as the purpose. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasizes that “This country is its people; the people are the country. As the Communist Party of China has led the people in fighting to establish and develop the People’s Republic, it has really been fighting for their support.” Treating people’s security as the purpose is a concrete manifestation of the nature, purpose, and original mission of our Party; this purpose is also fundamental for modernizing the national security system and capacity. The prevention, control, and fight against Covid-19 fully reflects this point. In the face of the epidemic’s sudden outbreak, General Secretary Xi Jinping made resolute decisions, made in-person arrangements, and personally commanded the situation. He clearly raised the point that the people are supreme, and life is paramount. He led us in persisting against the import of cases from abroad as well as the defense against a rebound of domestic cases. The unwavering insistence on a “dynamic zero” policy launched a people’s war of resisting the epidemic. The total warfare and blocking actions have maximized the protection of people’s lives, security, and health at the lowest cost. Under the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core, more than 1.4 billion Chinese people have stood united together through thick and thin and built a firm defensive line for epidemic prevention and control. This historical test has fully demonstrated that national security work ultimately protects the interests of the people, and the people are the fundamental force for safeguarding national security. To modernize the national security system and capacity, it is necessary to adhere to the idea that national security is all for the people, and it relies on the people. The protection of people’s security is always placed in the most important position. We must bring into play the enthusiasm, initiative, and creativity of the broad masses, and gather a powerful force for safeguarding national security. 

(二)以人民安全为宗旨。习近平总书记强调:“江山就是人民,人民就是江山。中国共产党领导人民打江山、守江山,守的是人民的心。”以人民安全为宗旨是我们党性质宗旨和初心使命的具体体现,也是推进国家安全体系和能力现代化的根本立场。新冠肺炎疫情防控斗争充分体现了这一点。面对突如其来的疫情,习近平总书记果断决策、亲自部署、亲自指挥,鲜明提出人民至上、生命至上,带领我们坚持外防输入、内防反弹,坚持动态清零不动摇,开展抗击疫情人民战争、总体战、阻击战,以最小代价最大限度保护了人民生命安全和身体健康。在以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚强领导下,14亿多中国人民风雨同舟、众志成城,构筑起疫情防控的坚固防线。这场历史大考充分彰显了国家安全工作归根结底是保障人民利益,人民是维护国家安全的基础性力量。推进国家安全体系和能力现代化,要坚持国家安全一切为了人民、一切依靠人民,始终把保护人民安全放在最重要的位置,充分发挥广大人民群众积极性、主动性、创造性,汇聚起维护国家安全的强大力量。

(3) Treating political security as fundamental. This is the top priority for modernizing the national security system and capacity. Political security is the highest form of national security as well as the lifeline for safeguarding national sovereignty, security, and development interests. Political security occupies the leading position in national security. To safeguard political security, most fundamental is to safeguard the CCP’s leadership and ruling status and to safeguard the socialist system with Chinese characteristics. Looking back at history, the Chinese people and the Chinese nation are capable of ushering in and promoting a great leap in which standing up and getting rich leads to becoming strong. In the final analysis, it is the unremitting struggle of the people led by the CCP which has established both the foundation of the socialist system as well as the launch of, adherence to, and development towards the socialist road with Chinese characteristics. To modernize the national security system and capacity, it is necessary to insist on giving top priority to political security, improve the political security work system, improve our capacity to prevent and defuse political security risks, and achieve the organic unity of political security, the people’s security, and national interests.  

(三)以政治安全为根本。这是推进国家安全体系和能力现代化的首要任务。政治安全是最高的国家安全,是维护国家主权、安全、发展利益的生命线,在国家安全中居于统领地位。维护政治安全,最根本的就是维护中国共产党的领导和执政地位、维护中国特色社会主义制度。回顾历史,中国人民和中华民族能够迎来并推进从站起来、富起来到强起来的伟大飞跃,归根到底是靠着中国共产党领导人民不懈奋斗,确立了社会主义基本制度,开创、坚持和发展了中国特色社会主义道路。推进国家安全体系和能力现代化,要坚持把政治安全放在首要位置,完善政治安全工作体系,提高防范化解政治安全风险的能力和水平,实现政治安全、人民安全、国家利益至上有机统一。

(4) Treating economic security as the foundation. Development is the top priority of our Party as it governs and rejuvenates the country. Development is also the foundation and key to solving all of our country’s problems. Only by promoting sustainable and healthy economic development can we build a solid material foundation for people to live and work in peace and contentment, to have social stability and order, and ensure the country’s long-term peace and stability. In the process of winning tough battles such as epidemic prevention, flood prevention, and earthquake resistance as well as responding to external blackmail, containment, blockades, and extreme pressure, we have accumulated comprehensive national strength over a long period of time since the founding of New China—especially since reform and opening. We have calmly responded to these perilous situations with profound confidence and vigor. To modernize the national security system and capacity, it is necessary to strengthen our response to economic security risk through early warnings, prevention and control mechanisms, and capacity building. We must also achieve security and control in crucial areas such as important industries, infrastructure, strategic resources, and science and technology. Furthermore, we must continuously enhance economic strength, technological strength, and comprehensive national power. Finally, we must use achievements in development to make firm and strengthen the foundation of national security. 

(四)以经济安全为基础。发展是我们党执政兴国的第一要务,是解决我国一切问题的基础和关键。只有推动经济持续健康发展,才能筑牢人民安居乐业、社会安定有序、国家长治久安的物质基础。在打赢防疫情、战洪水、抗地震和应对外部讹诈、遏制、封锁、极限施压等一场场硬仗过程中,新中国成立以来特别是改革开放以来长期积累的综合国力,是我们从容应对惊涛骇浪的深厚底气。推进国家安全体系和能力现代化,要加强经济安全风险预警、防控机制和能力建设,实现重要产业、基础设施、战略资源、重大科技等关键领域安全可控,不断增强经济实力、科技实力、综合国力,运用发展成果夯实国家安全的实力基础。

(5) Treating the military, science and technology, culture, and social security as guarantees. Military methods maintain a basic level of national security. Science and technology are the foundation of a country’s prosperity. Culture is the soul of a nation and a country. Social security relates to economic development and the well-being of the people. To modernize the national security system and capacity, it is necessary to actively adapt to new situations and problems that are confronted by the military and in the science and technology, culture, and social fields. We must also abide by the characteristics and laws of these different fields, and establish and improve various countermeasures to strengthen foundations and avert disaster. In order to safeguard national security, we must provide both hard power and soft power guarantees. 

(五)以军事、科技、文化、社会安全为保障。军事手段是维护国家安全的保底手段,科技是国家强盛之基,文化是一个民族、一个国家的灵魂,社会安全关乎经济发展和人民福祉。推进国家安全体系和能力现代化,要积极适应军事、科技、文化、社会领域面临的新情况新问题,遵循不同领域的特点规律,建立完善强基固本、化险为夷的各项对策措施,为维护国家安全提供硬实力和软实力保障。

(6) Treating the promotion of international security as a support measure. In the era of economic globalization, the security of all countries is interrelated. No country can achieve its own security independent of international security. To modernize the national security system and capacity, it is necessary to promote the establishment of a common, comprehensive, cooperative, and sustainable global security concept. We must also strengthen international security cooperation, jointly build a universally secure “community with a shared future for humanity, and actively construct a good external security environment for our country’s modernization drive. 

(六)以促进国际安全为依托。经济全球化时代,各国安全相互关联、彼此影响,没有一个国家能实现脱离国际安全的自身安全。推进国家安全体系和能力现代化,要推动树立共同、综合、合作、可持续的全球安全观,加强国际安全合作,共同构建普遍安全的人类命运共同体,积极营造我国现代化建设的良好外部安全环境。

(7) Overall planning for external security and internal security, homeland security and national security, traditional security and non-traditional security, and self-security and common security. National security is a systematic project, and various factors are very complicated. To modernize the national security system and capacity, it is necessary to adhere to scientific overall planning, strengthen systemic thinking, and strengthen dialectical thinking. We must comprehensively grasp situations and entire schemes and coordinate our drive forward. We must also strive to solve the problem of imbalance and inadequacy in national security work. In this way, we can achieve overall management, positive interactions, and common strength in all aspects of security. 

(七)统筹外部安全和内部安全、国土安全和国民安全、传统安全和非传统安全、自身安全和共同安全。国家安全是一个系统工程,各类因素十分复杂。推进国家安全体系和能力现代化,要坚持科学统筹,强化系统思维、辩证思维,全面把握、整体谋划、协调推进,着力解决国家安全工作的不平衡不充分问题,实现各方面安全统筹治理、良性互动、共同巩固。

(8) Overall planning for safeguarding and shaping national security. Safeguarding and shaping national security are integrated projects. Shaping national security is a higher-level and more forward-looking type of safeguarding. To modernize the national security system and capacity, it is necessary to accurately grasp the general development trend of the world today and of the times. We must also grasp the law in changing situations, seek advantages and avoid disadvantages in chaotic situations, strive for the initiative when it comes to struggle, constantly shape an overall favorable national security strategic situation, and firmly hold the strategic initiative to safeguard national security in our own hands. 

(八)统筹维护和塑造国家安全。维护国家安全和塑造国家安全是统一的,塑造是更高层次、更具前瞻性的维护。推进国家安全体系和能力现代化,要准确把握当今世界发展大势和时代发展潮流,在变局中把握规律、在乱局中趋利避害、在斗争中争取主动,不断塑造总体有利的国家安全战略态势,把维护国家安全的战略主动权牢牢掌握在自己手中。

(9) Make firm the grassroots foundation of national security and social stability. With regards to safeguarding national security and social stability, the center of focus and power is at the grassroots level. To modernize the national security system and capacity, we must do the following: stick with the direction of problems, keep an eye on shortcomings and weak spots at the grassroots level, strengthen the construction of grassroots organizations, do a good job of ensuring grassroots work, lay firm groundwork, improve professional capabilities, and strengthen grassroots cadres and the masses to safeguard national security as well as their awareness of and capacity for social stability. 

(九)夯实国家安全和社会稳定基层基础。维护国家安全和社会稳定,重心在基层,力量也在基层。推进国家安全体系和能力现代化,要坚持问题导向,紧盯基层基础工作中的短板弱项,加强基层组织建设,做好基层工作保障,夯实基础工作,提升业务本领,增强基层干部群众维护国家安全和社会稳定的意识和能力。

(10) Improving mechanisms for participating in global security governance. The world today is not peaceful. Global security issues are becoming more prominent, security threats are emerging one after another, and it is imperative to strengthen global security governance. To modernize the national security system and capacity, it is necessary to encourage the global security governance system to face a more just and reasonable developmental direction. We must also hold high the banner of cooperation, innovation, rule of law, and win-win results. Finally, we must continuously improve mechanisms for participating and cooperating in international and regional security, promote the construction of relevant new mechanisms and rules within the domain of security governance, and contribute wisdom and strength to global security governance. 

(十)完善参与全球安全治理机制。当今世界并不太平,全球性安全问题愈加突出,安全领域威胁层出不穷,加强全球安全治理刻不容缓。推进国家安全体系和能力现代化,要着眼推动全球安全治理体系朝着更加公正合理的方向发展,高举合作、创新、法治、共赢的旗帜,不断完善参与国际和区域安全合作的机制,推动建设有关领域安全治理新机制新规则,为全球安全治理贡献智慧和力量。

(11) Build a higher level of peace and safety in China. Since the 18th Party Congress, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core has focused on the long-term peace and order of the country, focused on letting the people live and work in peace and contentment, and encouraged the country to march towards a higher level of peace and safety. In 2021, the people’s satisfaction level regarding the building of peace and safety reached 98.62 percent. The international community generally believes that China is one of the safest countries in the world. The 20th Party Congress report clarified the main objectives and tasks for the next five years; it requires solid progress regarding the building of a China that is at peace and safe. To modernize the national security system and capacity, it is necessary to accurately grasp the new situation and new tasks confronting the building of peace and safety in China. We must also comprehensively improve our scientific, social, legal, and intellectual level as we build a peaceful and safe country. Finally, we must strive to build a peaceful and safe country that possesses an advanced level of overall planning, possesses more governance efficiency, is more secure and stable, and has a more satisfied populace. 

(十一)建设更高水平的平安中国。党的十八大以来,以习近平同志为核心的党中央着眼于国家长治久安、人民安居乐业,推动平安中国建设迈向更高水平。2021年,人民群众对平安建设的满意度达98.62%。国际社会普遍认为,中国是世界上最安全的国家之一。党的二十大报告明确了未来5年的主要目标任务,要求平安中国建设扎实推进。推进国家安全体系和能力现代化,要准确把握平安中国建设面临的新形势新任务,全面提升平安中国建设科学化、社会化、法治化、智能化水平,努力建设统筹层次更高、治理效能更强、安全稳定局面更巩固、人民更满意的平安中国。

(12) Use the new security pattern to assure the new development pattern. Accelerating the construction of the new development pattern—which features internal circulation as the main body as well as domestic-international dual circulation—was a major policy decision made by the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core after sizing up the current situation. This acceleration is a major strategic task related to the overall development of our country. Firmly holding on to the bottom line of secure development is an important prerequisite and assurance for building a new development pattern. To modernize the national security system and capacity, it is necessary to coordinate and safeguard various factors, fields, resources, and means of national security. We must accelerate the establishment of a new security pattern that is compatible with the new development pattern, and fight the overall battle to safeguard national security. In these ways, high-level security will assure high-quality development.  

(十二)以新安全格局保障新发展格局。加快构建以国内大循环为主体、国内国际双循环相互促进的新发展格局,是以习近平同志为核心的党中央审时度势作出的重大决策,是一项关系我国发展全局的重大战略任务。牢牢守住安全发展这条底线,是构建新发展格局的重要前提和保障。推进国家安全体系和能力现代化,要统筹维护国家安全各类要素、各个领域、各方资源、各种手段,加快构建与新发展格局相适应的新安全格局,打好维护国家安全总体战,以高水平安全保障高质量发展。

III. Earnestly implement the major task of modernizing the national security system and capacity 

三、认真落实推进国家安全体系和能力现代化的重点任务

The 20th Party Congress report clearly requires that by 2035 our society will maintain long-term stability, and the national security system and capacity will be comprehensively strengthened. We must consciously benchmark ourselves against the strategic offerings that were put forth in the 20th Party Congress report, and focus on the major task of modernizing the national security system and capacity. It is also necessary for us to conduct in-depth research and planning, to refine work measures, and push forward implementation with a strong sense of responsibility. Doing so will ensure that all requirements are performed effectively. 

党的二十大报告明确要求,到2035年,社会保持长期稳定,国家安全体系和能力全面加强。我们要自觉对标对表党的二十大报告作出的战略部署,聚焦推进国家安全体系和能力现代化的重点任务,深入研究谋划,细化工作措施,以强烈的责任担当抓好推进落实,确保各项部署要求落地见效。

(1) Solidify the national security system. First of all, adhere to system concepts, improve in areas such as forward-looking thinking, overall planning, and holistic advancement, and form systematic cooperation and combat capabilities. It is also necessary to refine the leadership system. Adhere to the centralized and unified leadership of the Party Central Committee for national security work, unswervingly implement the chairmanship of the Central Committee National Security Commission, and improve the highly efficient and authoritative national security leadership system. Fully implement the national security responsibility system, and thoroughly implement the Party Central Committee’s decisions and strategies concerning national security work. It is likewise necessary to improve work mechanisms. Strengthen coordination mechanisms for national security work, and improve the coordination and command system for important special projects. Next, improve the national security review and supervisory system, crisis management and control mechanisms, and other institutional mechanisms. It is necessary to improve the rule of law, strategy, policy, risk monitoring, early warning mechanisms, and the national emergency management system. Strengthen legal guarantees for national security, actively promote legislation in important areas, and improve the national security legal system with Chinese characteristics. Accelerate the strategic deployment of foreign affairs legal work, and improve countersanctions mechanisms, interference, and “long-arm jurisdiction.” Thoroughly implement the “National Security Strategy Outline,” and strengthen security guarantees and systems in facets such as the economy, major infrastructure, finance, networks, data, biology, natural resources, nuclear, space, and the oceans. Finally, improve the overall distribution of national security power, and set-up a national security protection system that is globally linked, multi-dimensional, and highly efficient. 

(一)健全国家安全体系。坚持系统观念,加强前瞻性思考、全局性谋划、整体性推进,形成体系性合力和战斗力。要完善领导体制。坚持党中央对国家安全工作的集中统一领导,坚定不移贯彻中央国家安全委员会主席负责制,完善高效权威的国家安全领导体制。全面落实国家安全责任制,不折不扣把党中央关于国家安全工作的决策部署落到实处。要完善工作机制。强化国家安全工作协调机制,完善重要专项协调指挥体系,健全国家安全审查和监管制度、危机管控机制等制度机制。要完善法治、战略、政策、风险监测预警和国家应急管理体系。加强国家安全法治保障,积极推进重要领域立法,完善中国特色国家安全法律体系。加快涉外法治工作战略布局,健全反制裁、反干涉、反“长臂管辖”机制。深入实施《国家安全战略纲要》,强化经济、重大基础设施、金融、网络、数据、生物、资源、核、太空、海洋等安全保障体系建设。完善国家安全力量布局,构建全域联动、立体高效的国家安全防护体系。

(2) Strengthen the capacity to safeguard national security. Place more attention on coordination and efficiency, rule of law thinking, science and technology empowerment, and grassroots foundations. Make an overall plan to advance national security work in various fields. We must resolutely safeguard political security. Strictly guard against and severely crack down on infiltration, sabotage, subversion, and separatist activities by hostile forces. Thoroughly carry out the anti-terrorism struggle, resolutely win the ideological struggle on the internet, and resolutely safeguard regime security, system security, and ideological security. It is necessary to strengthen security capabilities in key areas. Ensure the security of food, energy resources, and the supply chains of important industrial chains. Strengthen overseas security guarantees and capabilities. Safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of Chinese citizens abroad—including those in the field of law. Safeguard maritime rights and interests. Resolutely defend national sovereignty, security, and development interests. Improve the ability to prevent and resolve major risks, and strictly guard against systemic security risks. It is necessary to improve the national security consciousness and capabilities of cadres and the masses. Taking the implementation of national security leadership and work responsibilities as the starting point, comprehensively strengthen national security education, and encourage leading cadres at all levels to more consciously coordinate the two major issues of development and security. Performing these actions will allow us to fulfill our responsibility of defending our land. Strengthen Party building on the national security front, adhere to the Party’s political construction as the lead, and forge a loyal, pure, and reliable national security cadre team. Strengthen the national security consciousness and self-cultivation of the entire populace, and through the people build a durable national security line of defense. 

(二)增强维护国家安全能力。更加注重协同高效、法治思维、科技赋能、基层基础,统筹推进各领域国家安全工作。要坚决维护政治安全。严密防范严厉打击敌对势力渗透、破坏、颠覆、分裂活动,深入开展反恐怖斗争,坚决打赢网络意识形态斗争,坚定维护国家政权安全、制度安全、意识形态安全。要加强重点领域安全能力建设。确保粮食、能源资源、重要产业链供应链安全,加强海外安全保障能力建设,维护我国公民、法人在海外合法权益,维护海洋权益,坚定捍卫国家主权、安全、发展利益。提高防范化解重大风险能力,严密防范系统性安全风险。要提高干部群众国家安全意识和能力。以落实国家安全领导责任和工作责任为抓手,全面加强国家安全教育,推动各级领导干部更加自觉地统筹发展和安全两件大事,做到守土有责、守土负责、守土尽责。加强国家安全战线党的建设,坚持以党的政治建设为统领,锻造忠诚纯洁可靠的国家安全干部队伍。增强全民国家安全意识和素养,筑牢国家安全人民防线。

(3) Increase the level of public security governance. Public security is connected to economic and social development on one end, and innumerable households on the other end. Public security must have a footing in current situations and in the solving of outstanding problems. At the same time, however, public security must also consider the long-run by constantly improving system mechanisms, by increasing public security guarantees and capabilities, and by earnestly safeguarding the security of people’s lives and property. We must strengthen our ability to take precautions. Insist that security comes first, and precautions take priority. Establish a largescale security and emergency response framework. We must also improve the public security system, and strengthen the construction of systems and mechanisms such as information source control, precision monitoring and early warning, and dynamic risk assessment. Promote the transformation of the public security governance model so that it is able to take precautionary measures. Promote the integration of urban and rural public security supervision, law enforcement, and comprehensive management. Guard the first juncture of grassroots public security, and rectify special projects as needed. Improve and implement security production and responsibility systems. Strengthen security supervision in important industries and key fields. Carry out in-depth investigations of security hazards, rectify them as needed, and effectively contain major security incidents. Adhere to the most stringent standards, the strictest supervision, the sternest punishments, and the highest level of accountability. Strengthen the supervision of food and medicine security, and ensure that “security is on the tip of the tongue” of the masses. Solidify biosecurity supervision, including early warning, prevention, and control systems; comprehensively improve the country’s biosecurity governance capabilities. Strengthen the protection of personal information to ensure data security. It is necessary to improve disaster prevention, mitigation, and relief capabilities. Prioritize prevention, and integrate prevention and rescue. In an integrated fashion, persistently mitigate normal disasters and provide relief from abnormal disasters. Establish an efficient and scientific natural disaster prevention and control system. Strengthen the construction of national and regional emergency response forces. Improve disaster prevention, mitigation, and relief capabilities. Finally, improve our capability to respond to significant and unexpected public emergencies. 

(三)提高公共安全治理水平。公共安全一头连着经济社会发展,一头连着千家万户,必须既立足当前、着力解决突出问题,又立足长远、不断完善制度机制,提高公共安全保障能力,切实维护人民群众生命财产安全。要强化事前预防。坚持安全第一、预防为主,建立大安全大应急框架,完善公共安全体系,加强信息化源头管控、精准化监测预警、动态化风险评估等制度机制建设,推动公共安全治理模式向事前预防转型。推动城乡公共安全监管执法和综合治理一体化,把好基层公共安全第一道关口。要推进专项整治。完善和落实安全生产责任制,加强重点行业、重点领域安全监管,深入开展安全隐患排查整治,有效遏制重特大安全事故。坚持最严谨的标准、最严格的监管、最严厉的处罚、最严肃的问责,强化食品药品安全监管,确保人民群众“舌尖上的安全”。健全生物安全监管预警防控体系,全面提高国家生物安全治理能力。加强个人信息保护,确保数据安全。要提高防灾减灾救灾能力。坚持以防为主、防抗救相结合,坚持常态减灾和非常态救灾相统一,建立高效科学的自然灾害防治体系。加强国家区域应急力量建设,提高防灾减灾救灾和重大突发公共事件处置保障能力。

(4) Improve the social governance system. It is necessary to solidify the social governance system of joint development, joint governance, and shared benefits. We also need to increase the effectiveness of social governance. It is necessary to strengthen our ability to guard against and resolve conflicts and risks. Adhere to and develop the “Fengqiao Experience” in the new era. Improve mechanisms for correctly handling internal conflicts among people in new situations. Strengthen and improve the work of responding to inquiries and complaints from the populace. Smooth out and standardize channels for the expression of public demands, the coordination of interests, and the protection of rights and interests. Improve grassroots governance platforms that feature network management, meticulous service, and information support. Solidify the urban and rural community governance system. Promptly resolve conflicts and disputes at the grassroots level when issues are just starting to emerge. It is necessary to accelerate the modernization of urban social governance. Give full play to the political advantages of the Party’s leadership. Coordinate the forces of the government, society, and market. Improve the organizational structure and organizational methods of social governance in urban areas. Strengthen social governance capabilities in urban areas, and strive to prevent and resolve major risks in cities. It is also necessary to strengthen the overall control of law and order. Implement anti-organized crime laws to the fullest extent, and regularly crackdown on and sweep away evil. In accordance with the law, severely punish various illegal and criminal activities—such as pornography, gambling, drugs, food and drug abuse, theft, telecommunications fraud, and internet fraud—that persist in the masses. Comprehensively implement prevention and control measures and industry supervision. Actively promote the construction of a multidimensional information-based social security defense and control system. Vigorously promote the society-wide “one, three, five minute” quick response mechanism, and effectively enhance social control. We need to develop and strengthen the power of public participation in crime prevention and control. We also need to strengthen efforts to be brave and righteous and to promote righteousness and morale. It is necessary to create a social atmosphere of being brave in the pursuit of justice. Improve the organizational form and institutionalized channels for the masses to participate in the construction of security. New work mechanisms for the masses need to be created for the internet age. Finally, we need to better absorb the wisdom and strength of the people, and we need to foster a social governance community in which everyone is responsible, everyone fulfills their responsibilities, and everyone shares the benefits. 

(四)完善社会治理体系。健全共建共治共享的社会治理制度,提升社会治理效能。要加强矛盾风险源头防范化解。坚持和发展新时代“枫桥经验”,完善正确处理新形势下人民内部矛盾机制,加强和改进人民信访工作,畅通和规范群众诉求表达、利益协调、权益保障通道,完善网格化管理、精细化服务、信息化支撑的基层治理平台,健全城乡社区治理体系,及时把矛盾纠纷化解在基层、化解在萌芽状态。要加快推进市域社会治理现代化。充分发挥党的领导政治优势,统筹政府、社会、市场各方力量,完善市域社会治理的组织架构和组织方式,提高市域社会治理能力,努力把重大风险防范化解在市域。要强化社会治安整体防控。深入实施反有组织犯罪法,推进扫黑除恶常态化。依法严惩群众反映强烈的黄赌毒、食药环、盗抢骗和电信网络诈骗等各类违法犯罪活动,推动全面落实打防管控措施和行业监管责任。积极推进立体化信息化社会治安防控体系建设,大力推广社会面“1、3、5分钟”快速响应等机制,有效提升社会面掌控力。要发展壮大群防群治力量。进一步加强见义勇为工作,扬正气、鼓士气,营造见义勇为社会氛围。完善群众参与平安建设的组织形式和制度化渠道,创新互联网时代群众工作机制,更好地广纳民智、广聚民力,建设人人有责、人人尽责、人人享有的社会治理共同体。

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郭声琨 (Guo Shengkun). "Modernizing the National Security System and Capacity [推进国家安全体系和能力现代化]". CSIS Interpret: China, original work published in People's Daily [人民日报], November 24, 2022

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