加快改革开放和现代化建设步伐,夺取有中国特色社会主义事业的更大胜利
Return to the Library

Accelerating the Reform, the Opening to the Outside World and the Drive for Modernization, so as to Achieve Greater Successes in Building Socialism With Chinese Characteristics

加快改革开放和现代化建设步伐,夺取有中国特色社会主义事业的更大胜利

A report to the National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), more commonly referred to as just the “Party Congress,” is arguably the most authoritative document in the Chinese Party-state ecosystem. It is technically the report of the outgoing Central Committee (here, the 13th Central Committee) at the quinquennial gathering of the Party Congress (here, the 14th Party Congress). Delivered by the General Secretary of the CCP (here, Jiang Zemin), the report not only provides an official summary of the Party’s work over the past five years, but also outlines the official Party stance on all major policy issues and sets policy priorities for the incoming Central Committee (here, the 14th Central Committee).


FacebookTwitterLinkedInEmailPrintCopy Link
Original text
PDF
English text
PDF
See an error? Drop us a line at
View the translated and original text side-by-side

Comrades,

同志们:

The 14th National Congress of the Communist Party of China has been convened in a new situation in which our country is accelerating its reform, its opening to the outside world and its drive for modernization. Now, I should like to present a report to the congress on behalf of the 13th Central Committee.

中国共产党第十四次全国代表大会,在我国加快改革开放和现代化建设的新形势下召开了!现在,我代表十三届中央委员会向大会作报告。

This congress has a historic mission to fulfil. The members of the Party and the people of different nationalities throughout China all have great hopes for it, and our friends in other countries who care about China are also paying close attention to its proceedings. We are convinced that if all deputies work to make it so, this will be a united and successful congress.

这次大会肩负着重大的历史使命。全党同志和全国各族人民都寄希望于我们这次大会,世界上关心中国的朋友都注视着我们这次大会。我们相信,经过全体代表的共同努力,这次大会一定能开成团结的大会,胜利的大会。

Since the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee, the Party and the people, guided by the theory of building socialism with Chinese characteristics put forward by Comrade Deng Xiaoping, have been working hard to carry out reform. The whole nation has been reinvigorated, and historic changes have taken place across the land. The productive forces have been further emancipated, and the political situation of stability and unity has been steadily consolidated. The 1.1 billion people of China, with their basic needs assured, are moving towards a relatively comfortable standard of living. We have made major progress in developing the economy, improving the people’s living standards and increasing the overall strength of the country. China’s socialist system has withstood severe tests and shown great vitality in the face of drastic changes in the world situation.

十一届三中全会以来,在邓小平同志建设有中国特色社会主义理论的指导下,我们党和人民锐意改革,努力奋斗,整个国家焕发出了勃勃生机,中华大地发生了历史性的伟大变化。社会生产力获得新的解放。安定团结的政治局面不断巩固。十一亿人民的温饱问题基本解决,正在向小康迈进。我国经济建设上了一个大台阶,人民生活上了一个大台队,综合国力上了一个大台阶。在世界风云急剧变幻的情况下,中国的社会主义制度经受住严峻的考验,显示了强大的生命力。

The important talks given by Comrade Deng Xiaoping when he visited the south early this year have been a great encouragement to members of the Party and to the people of all China’s nationalities. The cadres and the masses have further emancipated their minds and are full of enthusiasm. Leaders and people are united, and the whole country is seething with activity, giving promise of a wonderful future in which the Chinese nation will have realized its lofty ideals.

邓小平同志今年初视察南方的重要谈话,极大地鼓舞了全党同志和全国各族人民。广大干部和群众思想更加解放,精神更加振奋,上下团结一致,到处热气腾腾,进一步展现出中华民族实现伟大理想的壮丽前景。

The 13th Central Committee has made an overall analysis of the current situation. It has agreed unanimously that domestic conditions are ripe for faster development, that the international environment is favourable for it, and that while the present moment poses challenges, it also presents opportunities for us to accelerate our advance. The tasks of this congress are, under the guidance of Comrade Deng Xiaoping’s theory of building socialism with Chinese characteristics, to review the practical experience of the 14 years since the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee and to formulate a strategic plan for the next period. It is also the task of the congress to mobilize all Party comrades and the people of all nationalities to achieve still greater successes in building socialism with Chinese characteristics by further emancipating their minds and seizing this opportune moment to quicken the pace of the reform, the opening to the outside world and the drive for modernization.

十三届中央委员会全面分析了当前形势,一致认为,现在国内条件具备,国际环境有利,既有挑战,更有机遇,是我们加快发展的好时机。这次代表大会的任务是:以邓小平同志建设有中国特色社会主义的理论为指导,认真总结十一届三中全会以来十四年的实践经验,确定今后一个时期的战略部署,动员全党同志和全国各族人民,进一步解放思想,把握有利时机,加快改革开放和现代化建设步伐,夺取有中国特色社会主义事业的更大胜利。

I. General Summary of the Great Practice of the Last 14 Years

一、十四年伟大实践的基本总结

In the last 14 years, adhering to the basic line of the Party, we have been building socialism with Chinese characteristics through reform and the opening to the outside world and through the liberation and development of the productive forces. In view of the deep and widespread social changes that have taken place, we can truly say that we have begun a new revolution, the objective of which is to fundamentally change the economic structure that has hampered the development of the productive forces and to establish a new and vigorous socialist economic structure. At the same time, we have been carrying out a corresponding reform of political and other structures, in order to realize the socialist modernization of China.

十四年来,我们从事的事业,就是坚持党的基本路线,通过改革开放,解放和发展生产力,建设有中国特色的社会主义。就其引起社会变革的广度和深度来说,是开始了一场新的革命。它的实质和目标,是要从根本上改变束缚我国生产力发展的经济体制,建立充满生机和活力的社会主义新经济体制,同时相应地改革政治体制和其他方面的体制,以实现中国的社会主义现代化。

In the history of our Party, the first generation of central leadership, with Comrade Mao Zedong at the core, led the whole Party and the people of all nationalities first in the long, triumphant struggle to make the new-democratic revolution and then in the effort to establish the basic system of socialism and to liberate and develop the productive forces. The semi-colonial and semi-feudal China of the past, which for over a hundred years had suffered from foreign aggression and bullying, was turned into a new and independent socialist China in which the people were the masters. This revolution, the greatest China had ever seen, ushered in a new era in the history of our country. The second generation of the central leadership, with Comrade Deng Xiaoping at the core, has led the whole Party and the people of all nationalities in another great revolution, the goal of which is to further liberate and develop the productive forces. This new revolution is designed to turn our underdeveloped socialist country into a prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced and modern socialist country, so as to fully demonstrate the superiority of socialism in China. It is based on our earlier revolutionary victory and on our great achievements in socialist construction, and it is being carried out step by step, in good order, under the leadership of the Party. This revolution is not intended to change the nature of our socialist system but to improve and develop it. It is no minor patching-up of the economic structure but a fundamental restructuring of the economy. The old economic structure has its historical origins and has played an important and positive role. With changing conditions, however, it has come to correspond less and less to the requirements of the modernization programme. The most profound change brought about by the reform in the last 14 years is that many ideological and structural shackles have been shaken off. This has released the initiative of the masses, so that China, with its 1.1 billion people, is now creating a vigorous socialism.

在我们党的历史上,以毛泽东同志为核心的第一代中央领导集体,领导全党和全国各族人民,经过长期奋斗,夺取了新民主主义革命的胜利,进而建立起社会主义基本制度,解放和发展了生产力,把一百多年来受尽外国侵略欺凌的半殖民地半封建的旧中国,变成了独立的人民当家做主的社会主义新中国。这场中国有史以来最伟大的革命,开辟了中国历史的新纪元。以邓小平同志为核心的第二代中央领导集体,领导全党和全国各族人民开始的又一次伟大革命,是要进一步解放和发展生产力,经过长期奋斗,把中国由不发达的社会主义国家变成富强民主文明的社会主义现代化国家,使社会主义优越性在中国充分体现出来。这场新的革命,是在过去革命取得成功和社会主义建设取得巨大成就的基础上进行的,是在我们党领导下有秩序有步骤地进行的。它不是要改变我们社会主义制度的性质,而是社会主义制度的自我完善和发展。它也不是原有经济体制的细枝末节的修补,而是经济体制的根本性变革。原有经济体制有它的历史由来,起过重要的积极作用,但是随着条件的变化,越来越不适应现代化建设的要求,十四年改革带来的最深刻的变化,就是摆脱了许多思想上和体制上的禁锢,调动起广大人民群众的积极性,拥有十一亿人口的中国正在创造着充满活力的社会主义。

At the present national congress, it is essential to review the great practice of the people under the leadership of the Party over the past 14 years and to draw careful conclusions about the basic theory, the basic line and the strategic policy decisions formulated by the Party in the course of that practice. This is of vital present and long-term importance to the unification of the thinking of all Party members, the application of the Party’s basic theory, the adherence to its basic line and the advance of the great cause of building socialism with Chinese characteristics.

在这次党的全国代表大会上,对十四年来党领导人民进行的伟大实践作一个历史的回顾,对党在实践过程中形成的基本理论、基本路线和一系列战略决策作出郑重的结论,是非常必要的。这对于进一步统一全党思想,坚持党的基本理论和基本路线不动摇,把有中国特色社会主义的伟大事业继续推向前进,具有重大的现实意义和长远意义。

We all remember that the toppling of the “gang of four” saved the Party and the country from disaster, but the political, ideological, organizational and economic chaos left over from the “cultural revolution” was still a very serious problem. At that time it was by no means easy to extricate ourselves from the predicament and bring about a new situation. The Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee, held in 1978, and the central leadership formed at that session with Comrade Deng Xiaoping at the core, took up this difficult mission, accomplished the historic change and launched a new era in the development of our socialist cause.

大家都记得,粉碎“四人帮”的胜利从危难中挽救了党和国家,但“文化大革命”遗留下来的政治、思想、组织和经济上的混乱还极其严重。那时要摆脱困境,打开局面,是多么不容易。一九七八年召开的十一届三中全会和全会形成的以邓小平同为核心的中央领导集体,承担起艰巨的使命,实现了伟大的历史性转折,开创了我国社会主义事业发展的新时期。

Around the time of that session, our Party encouraged and guided a major debate on the proposition that practice is the sole criterion for judging truth. This debate shattered the personality cult and the doctrine of the “two whatevers” [the notion that after the death of Chairman Mao Zedong, whatever policy decisions he had made must be firmly upheld and whatever instructions he had given must be followed unswervingly – Tr.] and reaffirmed the ideological line of emancipating the mind and seeking truth from facts. This represented our rectification of the ideological line.

我们党在十一届三中全会前后领导和支持了关于实践是检验真理唯一标准的大讨论。这场讨论冲破个人崇拜和“两个凡是”的束缚,重新确立了解放思想,实事求是的思想路线。这是思想路线的拨乱反正。

At the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee, our Party abandoned the wrong, “Left” principle of “taking class struggle as the key link,” which was not appropriate in a socialist society, and shifted the focus of work of the Party and the state onto economic development. This represented our rectification of the political line. At the same time, the Central Committee made a major policy decision: to undertake reform and to open China to the outside world. To counter the wrong ideological trends that had manifested themselves in the preceding period, it stated unequivocally that we must keep to the socialist road and adhere to the people’s democratic dictatorship, to leadership by the Communist Party of China and to Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought. [These are known as the Four Cardinal Principles. – Tr.] The idea of “one central task, two basic points” began to take shape as the foundation for the Party’s basic line in the new period.

我们党在十一届三中全会上毅然抛弃“以阶级斗争为纲”这个不适用于社会主义社会的“左”的错误方针,把党和国家的工作中心转移到经济建设上来。这是政治路线的拨乱反正。在确定工作中心转移的同时,作出了实行改革开放的伟大决策,并针对拨乱反正过程中出现的错误思潮,旗帜鲜明地强调必须坚持社会主义道路、坚持人民民主专政、坚持中国共产党的领导、坚持马克思列宁主义毛泽东思想。“一个中心、两个基本点”的思想开始形成,奠定了新时期党的基本路线的基础。

The Party emphasized that the only way to ensure the implementation of the correct ideological and political lines was to have a correct organizational line. It recognized that as required at this historic turning point, we had to strengthen the organization of the Party by gradually adjusting and consolidating leadership at different levels. We were to accomplish this by making the ranks of cadres more revolutionary, younger, better educated and more professionally competent, by doing away with de facto life tenure for leading cadres, and by encouraging co-operation between young and old cadres and gradually replacing the old with the young.

我们党强调必须以正确的组织路线来保证正确的思想路线和政治路线的实现。根据历史转折的新要求,加强党的组织建设,逐步调整和充实各级领导班子,提出干部队伍革命化、年轻化、知识化、专业化的方针,废除干部领导职务实际存在的终身制,实行新老干部的合作与交替。

The Party also straightened out certain major historical issues of right and wrong. A series of measures were taken to redress individual injustices, and various policies were carried out to strengthen Party unity and mobilize all positive forces. At its Sixth Plenary Session the 11th Central Committee adopted a resolution on certain questions in the history of the Party since the founding of the People’s Republic. In that resolution it fundamentally condemned the “cultural revolution” and rejected the theory of “continued revolution under the dictatorship of the proletariat.” At the same time, it came out strongly against the wrong ideological tendency to deny the value of Comrade Mao Zedong’s work and Mao Zedong Thought altogether, maintained the importance of the role Comrade Mao had played in Chinese history and reaffirmed the value of Mao Zedong Thought as a guide to action. As the domestic situation develops and the international situation changes, the courage and far-sightedness of the Party in adopting this momentous resolution are becoming more and more apparent.

我们党对重大历史是非作了认真的清理。采取一系列措施,平反冤假错案,落实了有利于增强党的团结和调动一切积极因素的各项政策。十一届六中全会专门作出关于建国以来党的若干历史问题的决议,根本否定了“文化大革命”和“无产阶级专政下继续革命”的理论,同时坚决顶住否定毛泽东同志和毛泽东思想的错误思潮,维护了毛泽东同志的历史地位,肯定了毛泽东思想的指导作用。随着国内局势的发展和国际局势的变化,越来越显示出党作出这个重大决策的勇气和远见。

Having rectified the erroneous ideological and political lines, the Party convened its 12th National Congress in 1982. The congress put forward the idea of “integrating the universal truth of Marxism with the concrete practice of China, blazing a path of our own and building socialism with Chinese characteristics” and set the target of quadrupling the gross national product by the end of the century, in two stages. Later, the Party proposed that, in a third stage, socialist modernization should be basically accomplished by the middle of the next century. By setting these great goals, the Party is leading the people of all our nationalities forward into the 21st century.

在拨乱反正基本完成的基础上,一九八二年召开了党的第十二次全国代表大会,这次大会提出“把马克思主义的普遍真理同我国的具体实际结合起来,走自己的道路,建设有中国特色的社会主义”的思想,确定分两步走在本世纪末实现国民生产总值翻两番的目标。随后又提出第三步到下世纪中叶基本实现社会主义现代化的战略。我们党举起了一面引导全国各族人民迈向二十一世纪的伟大旗帜。

The dominant feature of the new period is the policy of reform and opening to the outside world, which was initiated at the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee and which has been carried out in every area ever since the 12th National Party Congress. The reform has surged from the countryside to the cities, from the economic structure to other structures and from the revitalization of the domestic economy to the opening to the outside world.

新时期最鲜明的特点是改革开放。改革开放从十一届三中全会起步,十二大以后全面展开。它经历了从农村改革到城市改革,从经济体制的改革到各方面体制的改革,从对内搞活到对外开放的波澜壮阔的历史进程。

The strategic decision to start the reform in the rural areas was in conformity with the realities in China. The household contract responsibility system with remuneration linked to output was a great innovation of the Chinese peasants. The Central Committee of the Party respected the wishes of the masses and actively supported the experiment, which in a few years was spread throughout the country. A major problem in the structure of the socialist rural economy was solved by dismantling the people’s communes without privatizing ownership of the land and by introducing the household contract responsibility system supplemented by unified management. In this way, the 800 million peasants have gained the power to make their own decisions about production. In addition, we almost entirely did away with the unified purchase of farm products by the state according to fixed quotas and lifted price controls over most of them, thus helping agricultural production break out of its long-term stagnation. The rural economy rapidly became specialized, commercialized and socialized. People in both rural and urban areas have enjoyed tangible benefits from this, and it has given impetus to all our undertakings in reform and economic development. Township enterprises, another great innovation of the Chinese peasants, have expanded enormously. They have created a new outlet for surplus labour on the land, a new way for rural people to become prosperous and to modernize the countryside, and a new means of promoting the reform and development of industry and of the economy as a whole.

改革从农村开始,这是符合中国国情的战略决策。实行家庭联产承包,是中国农民的伟大创造。党中央尊重群众愿望,积极支持试验,几年功夫在全国推开。废除人民公社,又不走土地私有化道路,而是实行家庭联产承包为主,统分结合、双层经营,解决了我国社会主义农村体制的重大问题。八亿农民获得对土地的经营自主权,加上基本取消农产品的统购派购,放开大部分农产品价格,从而使农业生产摆脱长期停滞的困境,农村经济向着专业化、商品化、社会化迅速发展,广大城乡人民得到显著实惠,带动了整个改革和建设事业。乡镇企业异军突起,是中国农民的又一个伟大创造。它为农村剩余劳动力从土地上转移出来,为农村致富和逐步实现现代化,为促进工业和整个经济的改革和发展,开辟了一条新路。

In accordance with the new situation in which reform had been introduced first in the countryside, then in the cities and towns, the Third Plenary Session of the 12th Central Committee adopted a resolution on economic restructuring. It declared that our socialist economy was a planned commodity economy based on public ownership and rejected the traditional concept that a planned economy was in direct opposition to a commodity economy. This represented a new development of Marxist theory on political economy and provided a new theoretical guide for overall reform of the economic structure. Later, the Party decided to reform the management systems of science and technology and of education, and it set the objectives and tasks for the reform of the political structure.

适应改革从农村向城市发展的新形势,十二届三中全会通过了关于经济体制改革的决定。这个决定提出我国社会主义经济是公有制基础上的有计划商品经济,突破把计划经济同商品经济对立起来的传统观念,是对马克思主义政治经济学的新发展,为全面经济体制改革提供了新的理论指导。接着,党相继决定对科技体制和教育体制进行改革,并进一步提出政治体制改革的目标和任务。

The establishment of the four special economic zones of Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Shantou and Xiamen was an important step in opening China to the outside world and a new experiment in utilizing foreign funds, technology and managerial skills to develop the socialist economy. Great achievements have already been scored in these zones. Facts have demonstrated that they are socialist, not capitalist, in nature. Later, more than a dozen coastal cities were opened, as were economic areas in the Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River Delta and southeastern Fujian and around the perimeter of Bohai Bay. Also, Hainan Island was authorized to become a province and later a special economic zone. The number of areas that have been opened to the rest of the world has been continually increased. The coastal areas, with 200 million inhabitants, have thrived rapidly, giving great impetus to the reform, the opening up and economic development in the country as a whole.

兴办深圳、珠海、汕头、厦门四个经济特区是对外开放的重大步骤,是利用国外资金、技术、管理经验来发展社会主义经济的崭新试验,取得了很大成就。实践证明,经济特区姓“社”不姓“资”。在兴办经济特区之后,又相继开放沿海十几个城市,在长江三角洲、珠江三角洲、闽东南地区、环渤海地区开辟经济开放区,批准海南建省并成为经济特区。对外开放不断扩大,两亿人口的沿海地带迅速发展,有力地推动了全国的改革开放和经济建设。

If reform and economic development are to proceed smoothly, they must have powerful ideological and political guarantees. The Party has put forward the strategic principle of “grasping two links at the same time.” By this it means that we should pursue the process of reform and opening up and at the same time fight crime, that we should develop the economy and at the same time strengthen democracy and the legal system, that we should achieve material progress and at the same time foster an advanced culture and ideology. In particular, the Sixth Plenary Session of the 12th Central Committee adopted a resolution declaring that our ideology must contribute to socialist modernization, promote the all-round reform and opening up and be based on adherence to the Four Cardinal Principles. The Party also stressed that we must explain to the people the need for continued struggle against bourgeois liberalization throughout the process of socialist modernization.

改革和建设的顺利进行,需要强有力的思想和政治保证。党提出一系列“两手抓”的战略方针,强调一手抓改革开放,一手抓打击犯罪;一手抓经济建设,一手抓民主法制;一手抓物质文明,一手抓精神文明。十二届六中全会专门作出决议,指出我们的精神文明建设必须是推动社会主义现代化建设的精神文明建设,是促进全面改革和实行对外开放的精神文明建设,是坚持四项基本原则的精神文明建设。党还强调在整个社会主义现代化建设进程中都要进行反对资产阶级自由化的教育和斗争。

The 13th National Congress of the Party was convened in 1987. Its historic contributions were to expound in a systematic way the theory of the primary stage of socialism in China and to elaborate the Party’s basic line, describing it concisely as “one central task, two basic points.” [The central task was economic development; the two basic points were adherence to the Four Cardinal Principles and implementation of reform and the open policy. – Tr.] The congress attached immense significance to the fact that following the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee a way was found to build socialism with Chinese characteristics. It declared that this was the second historic leap forward in integrating Marxism with Chinese practice, the first having been the new-democratic revolution.

一九八七年召开了党的第十三次全国代表大会。这次大会的主要历史功绩,是比较系统地论述了我国社会主义初级阶段的理论,明确概括和全面阐发了党的“一个中心、两个基本点”的基本路线。大会高度评价十一届三中全会以来开始找到建设有中国特色社会主义道路的伟大意义,强调指出,这是马克思主义与中国实践相结合的过程中,继找到中国新民主主义革命道路、实现第一次历史性飞跃之后的第二次历史性飞跃。

In the five years since the Party’s 13th National Congress, we have continued our march along the road to socialism with Chinese characteristics. Under complicated and difficult conditions both at home and abroad, the Party has united and led the people of all our nationalities in an endeavour to surmount difficulties and achieve social and political stability and economic development. The years from 1984 to 1988 were a period of accelerated expansion for the Chinese economy. In agriculture and industry, in rural areas and cities, in reform and development, progress in one sector reinforced progress in another, and the economy as a whole was raised to a new level. However, during this period of rapid advance some problems arose: in particular, price rises were a little too sharp, and many construction projects were redundant. The Party therefore decided to spend some time improving the economic environment and rectifying the economic order to facilitate reform and development. In late spring and early summer of 1989, a political disturbance broke out, and the Party and the government, relying on the people, took a clear-cut stand against unrest. They quelled the counter-revolutionary violence in Beijing, defending the power of the socialist state and the fundamental interests of the people and ensuring the continued progress of reform, the opening up and modernization. At the same time, the Central Committee explicitly proclaimed that the Party’s basic line and the policy decisions made by the Thirteenth National Congress were correct and that we should not waver in our adherence to them because of this political disturbance. The Fourth Plenary Session of the Thirteenth Central Committee elected a new central leadership. That leadership adhered to the Party’s basic line in all fields of endeavour. It continued to make economic development the central task, while trying to rectify the overemphasis of material progress to the neglect of ideological progress by strengthening ideological and political work and the building of the Party. In the face of dramatic changes in the international situation, the Party remained calm and concentrated its attention on domestic affairs while keeping an eye on developments abroad. It adopted resolutions on a number of subjects: on strengthening clean government, on further improving the economic environment, rectifying the economic order and deepening the reform, on cementing the ties between the Party and the masses, on developing and opening the Pudong Area of Shanghai, on its proposals for the ten-year programme for national economic and social development and the Eighth Five-Year Plan, on improving the large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises and on strengthening agriculture and the Party’s work in the rural areas. These major policy decisions made by the Party during a critical period of history were absolutely correct.

十三大以来的五年,是我们沿着有中国特色的社会主义道路继续前进的五年。在国际国内的复杂艰难情况下,党团结和领导全国各族人民,克服种种困难,实现了社会稳定、政治稳定和经济发展。我国经济从一九八四年到一九八八年经历了一个加速发展的飞跃时期,展现了农业和工业、农村和城市、改革和发展相互促进的生动局面,整个国民经济提高到一个新的水平。同时在前进中也出现了一些问题,主要是物价波动大了一点,重复建设比较严重。党决定用一段时间治理经济环境、整顿经济秩序,以利于更好地推进改革和建设。一九八九年春夏之交发生了一场政治风波,党和政府依靠人民,旗帜鲜明地反对动乱,平息在北京发生的反革命暴乱,捍卫了社会主义国家政权,维护了人民的根本利益,保证了改革开放和现代化建设继续前进。与此同时,中央明确宣告,党的基本路线和十三大的决策是正确的,绝不因为发生这场政治风波而动摇。十三届四中全会选出新的中央领导集体。党中央全面坚持党的基本路线,继续抓住经济建设这个中心,努力纠正“一手比较硬,一手比较软”的现象,加强思想政治工作和党的建设工作。在国际局势剧变的情况下,党按照冷静观察、沉着应付的方针,坚持把注意力集中在办好我们自己的事情上,相继作出关于加强廉政建设的决定,关于进一步治理整顿、深化改革的决定,关于加强党同人民群众联系的决定,关于上海浦东开发开放的决策,关于国民经济和社会发展十年规划和“八五”计划的建议,关于搞好国营大中型企业的决定,关于进一步加强农业和农村工作的决定。党在历史关键时刻作出的这些重大决策,是完全正确的。

Early this year, during an inspection tour of the south, Comrade Deng Xiaoping gave several important talks. He made a penetrating analysis of the current international and domestic situation. He also made a scientific summation of the basic practice and experience of the Party since the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee, clearing up many important misconceptions that had perplexed us and shackled our thinking over the past few years. He emphasized that the basic line must be followed unswervingly for 100 years. He urged us to further emancipate our minds, to be more daring in reform and opening up, to quicken the pace of economic development and not to lose any favourable opportunity. Last March the Political Bureau of the Central Committee held a plenary meeting at which full agreement was reached on these talks given by Comrade Deng Xiaoping. The Political Bureau stated that they would not only serve as an important guide for our current efforts in reform and economic development and for the work of the present congress, but that they would also have far-reaching significance for the entire drive for socialist modernization. Since that meeting, the Central Committee and the State Council have made a series of decisions on ways to accelerate the reform, the opening up and economic development. The talks by Comrade Deng Xiaoping and the plenary meeting of the Political Bureau mark a new stage in China’s reform and opening up and in its modernization drive.

今年初邓小平同志视察南方发表重要谈话,精辟地分析了当前国际国内形势,科学地总结了十一届三中全会以来党的基本实践和基本经验,明确地回答了这些年来经常困扰和束缚我们思想的许多重大认识问题。谈话强调基本路线要管一百年,动摇不得,要求我们思想更解放一点,改革开放的胆子更大一点,建设的步子更快一点,千万不可丧失时机。今年三月中央政治局召开全体会议,完全赞同邓小平同志的重要谈话,认为谈话不仅对当前的改革和建设,对开好党的十四大,具有十分重要的指导作用,而且对整个社会主义现代化建设事业具有重大而深远的意义。接着,党中央和国务院作出关于加快改革开放和经济发展的一系列决定。以邓小平同志的谈话和今年三月中央政治局全体会议为标志,我国改革开放和现代化建设事业进入了一个新的阶段。

Looking back on the road we have traversed in the past 14 years, we can see that there have been failings and mistakes in our work. There are still many difficulties to be overcome and many problems to be solved, and the people still have complaints about certain aspects of our work. But on the whole, it is generally acknowledged in the Party and the country that in these fourteen years we have truly concentrated on socialist modernization, rapidly improving the people’s standard of living, bringing about a new situation, and scoring achievements that have attracted world attention. The Party has won the support of the people.

回顾十四年走过的道路,我们在工作中也发生过失误和偏差,现在还面临着很多困难和问题,人民群众还有不少意见和一些不满意的地方。但是总起来说,全党全国人民公认的事实是:这十四年是真正集中力量进行社会主义现代化建设的十四年,是人民生活水平提高最快的十四年,开创了历史的新局面,取得了举世瞩目的成就,党赢得了广大人民群众的拥护。

The fundamental reason our Party was able to accomplish so much in fourteen years is that it has persisted in integrating the basic tenets of Marxism with the concrete practice of China and has gradually formulated the theory of building socialism with Chinese characteristics. During the century and a half since the publication of The Communist Manifesto, the victories of the Russian October Revolution, the Chinese revolution and the revolutions in other countries have shown that with the leadership of the proletariat the people can indeed seize political power. Tremendous achievements have been scored, and much has been learned about how to build socialism. Nevertheless, the question still needs further exploration. Indeed, in view of the drastic changes that have taken place internationally in recent years, it calls for profound study. The Chinese Communist Party has always held that countries must maintain their independence in revolution and development and that the success of socialism in China depends essentially on ourselves, on the Chinese Party’s theory and line, and on the united efforts of the Party and the people. The new developments in China and the achievements of socialism over the last 14 years have led us to compare our present with our past and our country with other countries. These comparisons have convinced us that our Party’s theory of building socialism with Chinese characteristics is correct and that it corresponds to the interests and needs of the people. In formulating this theory, the Party has for the first time given preliminary but systematic answers to a series of basic questions about how to build, consolidate and develop socialism in a country with a backward economy and culture like China. It has also developed Marxism by introducing new ideas and viewpoints.

我们党所以能够取得这样的胜利,根本原因是在十四年的伟大实践中,坚持把马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际相结合,逐步形成和发展了建设有中国特色社会主义的理论。从《共产党宣言》发表以来一百几十年间,俄国十月革命、中国革命和其他一些国家革命的胜利,证明无产阶级领导人民夺取政权是能够成功的。至于如何建设社会主义,也取得了巨大成就和宝贵经验,但是总的来说还需要很好地探索。近几年国际上发生的急剧变化,使这个问题更加引人深思。中国共产党历来坚持独立自主地进行革命和建设,历来认为中国社会主义的命运归根到底取决于我们自己,取决于党的理论和路线,取决于党同人民的团结奋斗。十四年来,社会主义在中国的新局面和新成就,更使我们从历史的比较和国际的观察中认识到,我们党建设有中国特色社会主义的理论是正确的,是符合最广大人民的利益和要求的。这个理论,第一次比较系统地初步回答了中国这样的经济文化比较落后的国家如何建设社会主义、如何巩固和发展社会主义的一系列基本问题,用新的思想、观点,继承和发展了马克思主义。

The main contents of the theory of building socialism with Chinese characteristics are as follows:

建设有中国特色社会主义理论的主要内容是:

The road to socialism. We must take our own road, not regard books as dogma and not copy the models of other countries. We must take Marxism as a guide to action, make practice the only test for truth, emancipate our minds, seek truth from facts, value the initiative of the masses and build a socialism with Chinese characteristics.

在社会主义的发展道路问题上,强调走自己的路,不把书本当教条,不照搬外国模式,以马克思主义为指导,以实践作为检验真理的唯一标准,解放思想,实事求是,尊重群众的首创精神,建设有中国特色的社会主义。

The development of socialism in stages. According to our scientific thesis, China is still in the primary stage of socialism, which will last for at least a hundred years. All principles and policies must be based on this fundamental reality. We must not divorce ourselves from it or try to skip this stage.

在社会主义的发展阶段问题上,作出了我国还处在社会主义初级阶段的科学论断,强调这是一个至少上百年的很长的历史阶段,制定一切方针政策都必须以这个基本国情为依据,不能脱离实际,超越阶段。

The fundamental task of socialism. In essence, the objective of socialism is to liberate and develop the productive forces, to eliminate exploitation and polarization, and ultimately to achieve common prosperity. The principal contradiction in Chinese society in the present stage is the one between the growing material and cultural needs of the people and the backwardness of production. Accordingly, to promote the all-round progress of society, we must give priority to the growth of the productive forces and make economic development our central task. In the final analysis, the criterion for judging the success or failure of our work in various fields is whether it helps develop the productive forces of socialist society, strengthen the overall capacity of the country and improve the people’s living standards. Science and technology constitute a primary productive force, and in pursuing economic development we must rely on scientific and technological progress and try to create a more highly skilled workforce.

在社会主义的根本任务问题上,指出社会主义的本质是解放生产力,发展生产力,消灭剥削,消除两极分化,最终达到共同富裕。强调现阶段我国社会的主要矛盾是人民日益增长的物质文化需要同落后的社会生产之间的矛盾,必须把发展生产力摆在首要位置,以经济建设为中心,推动社会全面进步。判断各方面工作的是非得失,归根到底,要以是否有利于发展社会主义社会的生产力,是否有利于增强社会主义国家的综合国力,是否有利于提高人民的生活水平为标准。科学技术是第一生产力,经济建设必须依靠科技进步和劳动者素质的提高。

The motive force of socialist development. Reform is also a revolution, a revolution whose goal is to liberate the productive forces. It is the only way to modernize China. If we cling to outmoded ideas and remain content with the status quo, we shall accomplish nothing. The objective of economic restructuring is to develop a socialist market economy, keeping the public sector as the dominant one and remuneration according to one’s work as the principal mode of distribution, supplemented by other sectors and other modes. The objective of political restructuring is mainly to improve the system of people’s congresses and the practice of multiparty cooperation and consultation under the leadership of the Communist Party and to develop socialist democracy. In correspondence with the economic and political restructuring, we must build an advanced socialist culture and ideology and develop a citizenry who have high ideals, moral integrity, a better education and a strong sense of discipline.

在社会主义的发展动力问题上,强调改革也是一场革命,也是解放生产力,是中国现代化的必由之路,僵化停滞是没有出路的。经济体制改革的目标,是在坚持公有制和按劳分配为主体、其他经济成分和分配方式为补充的基础上,建立和完善社会主义市场经济体制。政治体制改革的目标,是以完善人民代表大会制度、共产党领导的多党合作和政治协商制度为主要内容,发展社会主义民主政治。同经济、政治的改革和发展相适应,以“有理想、有道德、有文化、有纪律”为目标,建设社会主义精神文明。

External conditions for socialist construction. The questions of peace and development are the two top priorities on the international agenda. We must adhere to an independent foreign policy of peace and try to create a favourable international environment for our modernization drive. It is essential for us to open to the outside world. This is indispensable to the reform and to economic development. We should also develop socialism by absorbing and utilizing the advances made by all other countries, including the developed capitalist countries. A closed-door policy can only perpetuate backwardness.

在社会主义建设的外部条件问题上,指出和平与发展是当代世界两大主题,必须坚持独立自主的和平外交政策,为我国现代化建设争取有利的国际环境。强调实行对外开放是改革和建设必不可少的,应当吸收和利用世界各国包括资本主义发达国家所创造的一切先进文明成果来发展社会主义,封闭只能导致落后。

The political guarantee for socialist construction. We must keep to the socialist road and uphold the people’s democratic dictatorship, leadership by the Chinese Communist Party and Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought. These Four Cardinal Principles are the foundation of the country. It is these principles that will guarantee the sound development of the reform, the process of opening up and the drive for modernization, which will in turn enrich the principles with contemporary content.

在社会主义建设的政治保证问题上,强调坚持社会主义道路、坚持人民民主专政、坚持中国共产党的领导、坚持马克思列宁主义毛泽东思想。这四项基本原则是立国之本,是改革开放和现代化建设健康发展的保证,又从改革开放和现代化建设获得新的时代内容。

The strategic plan for socialist construction. Modernization should be realized in three stages. In this long process we should seize all opportunities to bring about every few years a period of particularly rapid development and good economic results. Poverty is not socialism, but it is impossible for everyone to become prosperous simultaneously. We must allow and encourage some areas and individuals to grow rich first, so that more and more areas and individuals will do so until common prosperity is eventually achieved.

在社会主义建设的战略步骤问题上,提出基本实现现代化分三步走。在现代化建设的长过程中要抓住时机,争取出现若干个发展速度比较快、效益又比较好的阶段,每隔几年上一个台阶。贫穷不是社会主义,同步富裕又是不可能的,必须允许和鼓励一部分地区一部分人先富起来,以带动越来越多的地区和人们逐步达到共同富裕。

Forces that lead in building socialism and forces that are relied on. The Chinese Communist Party, as the vanguard of the working class, is the force at the core leading the socialist cause forward. It must meet the requirements of the reform, the opening up and the modernization drive by constantly improving itself and strengthening its leadership in different areas of work. The style of work of a party in power and its links with the people are vital to its very existence. We must rely on the workers, peasants and intellectuals, on the unity of the people of various nationalities, and on the broadest possible united front of socialist workers, patriots who support socialism and patriots who desire the reunification of the motherland. The people’s armed forces, led by the Party, are the defenders of the socialist motherland and an important force for building socialism.

在社会主义的领导力量和依靠力量问题上,强调作为工人阶级先锋队的共产党是社会主义事业的领导核心,党必须适应改革开放和现代化建设的需要,不断改善和加强对各方面工作的领导,改善和加强自身建设。执政党的党风,党同人民群众的联系,是关系党生死存亡的问题。必须依靠广大工人、农民、知识分子,必须依靠各民族人民的团结,必须依靠全体社会主义劳动者、拥护社会主义的爱国者和拥护祖国统一的爱国者的最广泛的统一战线。党领导的人民军队是社会主义祖国的保卫者和建设社会主义的重要力量。

Reunification of the motherland. We have put forward the creative concept of “one country, two systems” – the proposition that, on the premise that there is only one China, for a long time to come the main part of the country should adhere to the socialist system while Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan maintain their original capitalist system. In accordance with this principle, we shall work for the peaceful reunification of the motherland.

在祖国统一的问题上,提出“一个国家、两种制度”的创造性构想。在一个中国的前提下,国家的主体坚持社会主义制度,香港、澳门、台湾保持原有的资本主义制度长期不变,按照这个原则来推进祖国和平统一大业的完成。

The theory of building socialism with Chinese characteristics contains many other ideas. As we test it in the course of practice, study new situations and solve new problems, we shall continue to enrich, refine and develop it.

建设有中国特色社会主义的理论还有其他许多内容,还要在研究新情况、解决新问题的过程中,在实践检验中继续丰富、完善和发展。

Under the guidance of this theory, our Party has formulated the basic line for the primary stage of socialism: to lead the people of all our nationalities in a united, self-reliant, intensive and pioneering effort to turn China into a prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced and modern socialist country by making economic development our central task while adhering to the Four Cardinal Principles and persevering in reform and the open policy. “One central task, two basic points” is a succinct summarization of this line. To carry it out, our Party has also formulated a set of principles and policies regarding economics, politics, science and technology, education, culture and military and foreign affairs. This line and these principles and policies are likewise to be continually enriched, refined and developed in the course of practice.

在建设有中国特色社会主义理论的指导下,我们党形成了社会主义初级阶段的基本路线,这就是:领导和团结全国各族人民,以经济建设为中心,坚持四项基本原则,坚持改革开放,自力更生,艰苦创业,为把我国建设成为富强、民主、文明的社会主义现代化国家而奋斗。“一个中心、两人基本点”,是这条路线的简明概括。同这条路线相适应,我们党还形成了包括经济、政治、科技、教育、文化、军事、外交等各方面的一整套方针政策。这条路线和这些方针政策也都要在实践中继续丰富、完善和发展。

The theory of building socialism with Chinese characteristics has taken shape gradually in the current situation in which peace and development are the priorities of the times, and as we have been carrying out reform and the open policy and bringing about socialist modernization. It has been based on a review of the experience gained from our successes and failures in building socialism in China and from those in other countries. It is the product of the integration of the fundamental tenets of Marxism-Leninism with the reality of present-day China and the special features of our times, a continuation and development of Mao Zedong Thought, a crystallization of the collective wisdom of the entire Party membership and the whole Chinese people, and an intellectual treasure belonging to them all. Comrade Deng Xiaoping is the chief architect of our socialist reform, of the open policy and of the modernization programme. He respects practice and the masses and pays constant attention to the interests and aspirations of the majority of the people. He is adept at generalizing from their experiences and innovations, and he can sense the direction in which things are moving and seize upon favourable opportunities whenever they present themselves. He has carried forward the fine work of our predecessors, and at the same time he has broken with outmoded conventions, displaying his great political courage by blazing a new path to socialism and his great theoretical courage by opening new perspectives for Marxism. He has made historic contributions by formulating the theory of building socialism with Chinese characteristics.

建设有中国特色社会主义的理论,是在和平与发展成为时代主题的历史条件下,在我国改革开放和社会主义现代化建设的实践过程中,在总结我国社会主义胜利和挫折的历史经验并借鉴其他国家社会主义兴衰成败历史经验的基础上,逐步形成和发展起来的。它是马克思列宁主义基本原理与当代中国实际和时代特征相结合的产物,是毛泽东思想的继承和发展,是全党全国人民集体智慧的结晶,是中国共产党和中国人民最可珍贵的精神财富。邓小平同志是我国社会主义改革开放和现代化建设的总设计师。他尊重实践,尊重群众,时刻关注最广大人民的利益和愿望,善于概括群众的经验和创造,敏锐地把握时代发展的脉搏和契机,既继承前人又突破陈规,表现出了开辟社会主义建设新道路的巨大政治勇气和开拓马克思主义新境界的巨大理论勇气,对建设有中国特色社会主义理论的创立做出了历史性的重大贡献。

The experiences drawn from practice over the past 14 years can be summed up in one sentence: We must firmly adhere to the Party’s basic line, guided by the theory of building socialism with Chinese characteristics. This is the best way to ensure that we shall stand the test of the dangers we may face on the way to our goal.

十四年伟大实践的经验,集中到一点,就是要毫不动摇地坚持以建设有中国特色社会主义理论为指导的党的基本路线。这是我们事业能够经受风险考验,顺利达到目标的最可靠的保证。

To adhere to the Party’s basic line, we must, first and foremost, persevere in economic development as our central task. Because of both domestic and international factors, even after the establishment of the basic socialist system, class struggle will continue to exist in some areas for a long time and may be intensified under certain circumstances. We must have a clear understanding of this question and handle correctly any problems that may arise. However, class struggle is no longer the principal contradiction in our society, and economic development has become our central task. We must never waver in it, except in case of a large-scale foreign invasion. In years past we sometimes turned aside from economic development, because we did not have a clear understanding of certain international and domestic events. That was a serious mistake. Over the past 14 years, however, we have never been distracted from this central task, despite the major events of one kind or another that have taken place in China and abroad. We should continue to concentrate on it unremittingly in the years to come.

坚持党的基本路线不动摇,关键是坚持以经济建设为中心不动摇。社会主义基本制度建立后,由于国内因素和国际影响,阶级斗争还将在一定范围内长期存在,在某种条件下还有可能激化,我们必须清醒地认识和正确地处理这方面的问题。但是,我国社会的主要矛盾已经不是阶级斗争,经济建设已经成为我们的中心任务。除非发生大规模外敌入侵,无论在什么情况下都不能动摇这个中心。在历史上,由于没有能够清醒对待国际国内某些事件,我们有过离开经济建设这个中心的严重教训。这十四年,尽管国际国内发生了这样那样的重大事件,我们都没有动摇这个中心,今后还必须坚定不移地这样做。

To adhere to the Party’s basic line, we must integrate reform and the open policy with the Four Cardinal Principles. It is because we introduced reform and the open policy that socialism with Chinese characteristics is so vigorous today. And it is because reform and the open policy help consolidate and expand socialism that they have been progressing smoothly. The purpose of adhering to the Four Cardinal Principles and persevering in reform and the open policy is to liberate and develop the productive forces to an even greater extent. As we proceed, Party members, leading cadres in particular, must be on the alert for Right tendencies, but also and mainly for “Left” tendencies. Right tendencies are manifested chiefly in negating the Four Cardinal Principles, in pursuing bourgeois liberalization and sometimes in creating political turmoil. “Left” tendencies are manifested chiefly in denying the correctness of the reform and the open policy, maintaining that the main danger of peaceful evolution toward capitalism comes from the economic sphere, and trying to distract us from the central task of economic development by emphasizing the need for class struggle. Right tendencies can be the ruin of socialism, and so can “Left” tendencies. “Left” ideas have deep roots in the history of our Party. Their exponents sound very revolutionary; they try to intimidate people by pinning political labels on them, as if being more “Left” meant being more revolutionary. Most of the mistakes that were made in the course of building socialism during the 20 years beginning in 1957 were “Left” in nature. It is likewise “Left” tendencies that present the chief obstacle to our efforts to explore a new path for reform and the open policy and to break out of the structures and conventions that hamper the development of the productive forces. Now we are making it clear that we must guard against Right tendencies but also and mainly against “Left” tendencies, in order that all our Party comrades, leading cadres in particular, will learn a profound lesson from the past and apply it to the present realities and to their own thoughts and work. This will help them enhance their political consciousness and their determination to carry out the Party’s basic line, to emancipate their minds and to work together for still greater successes in economic development and other undertakings. When there are problems of understanding, differing opinions and mistakes in practical work, we should analyse each of them realistically, and not arbitrarily describe them as “Left” or Right political tendencies.

坚持党的基本路线不动摇,必须把改革开放同四项基本原则统一起来。有中国特色的社会主义所以具有蓬勃的生命力,就在于它是实行改革开放的社会主义。我们的改革开放所以能够健康发展,就在于它是有利于巩固和发展社会主义的改革开放。坚持四项基本原则,坚持改革开放,都是为了更好地解放和发展生产力。在把握“一个中心、两个基本点”的问题上,在党内特别是领导干部中要警惕右,但主要是防止“左”。右的表现主要是否定四项基本原则,搞资产阶级自由化,甚至制造政治动乱。“左”的表现主要是否定改革开放,认为和平演变的主要危险来自经济领域,甚至用“阶级斗争为纲”的思想影响和冲击经济建设这个中心。右可以葬送社会主义,“左”也可以葬送社会主义。在我们党的历史上,“左”的思想根深蒂固。“左”带有革命色彩,拿大帽子吓唬人,好像越“左”越革命。在建设社会主义的进程中,从一九五七年起的二十年间出现的错误,主要都是“左”。改革开放要探索和开辟新的道路,突破束缚生产力发展的体制和观念,阻力主要来自“左”。现在明确要警惕右但主要是防止“左”,目的在于使全党同志特别是领导干部深刻吸取历史教训,密切结合当前实际,联系自己的思想和工作,提高贯彻执行党的基本路线的自觉性和坚定性,解放思想,同心同德,把经济建设和各项事业搞上去。对思想认识问题和工作实践中的不同意见以至偏差,要实事求是地具体分析,不要随意说成是政治倾向上的“左”或右。

To adhere to the Party’s basic line, we must consolidate and expand political unity and stability. Without political and social stability, any attempt to carry out reform and the open policy and to promote economic development would be out of the question. We must adhere to the Four Cardinal Principles and resolutely eliminate all factors that might lead to unrest or turmoil in China. Conversely, if we do not take economic development as our central task and carry out reform and the open policy, and if we therefore fail to achieve economic growth, any effort to consolidate unity and stability would be out of the question. Only so long as the basic line remains unchanged and there is social and political stability shall we be able to forge ahead steadily.

坚持党的基本路线不动摇,必须巩固和发展团结稳定的政治局面。没有政治稳定,社会动荡不安,什么改革开放,什么经济建设,统统搞不成。必须坚持四项基本原则,坚决排除一切导致中国混乱甚至动乱的因素。同时,如果不坚持经济建设为中心,不实行改革开放,没有经济的发展,也不可能有巩固的团结和稳定。基本路线不变,社会政治稳定,有了这两条,我们就能够不断地胜利前进。

II. The Major Tasks in the Reform and Economic Development in the 1990s

二、九十年代改革和建设的主要任务

The key to advancing the building of socialism with Chinese characteristics is to adhere to the Party’s basic line, accelerating the reform and the opening to the outside world and concentrating on economic development. At the same time, while making economic development our central task, we should also improve our socialist democracy, legal system, culture and ethics, so as to ensure all-round social progress.

我们要在九十年代把有中国特色社会主义的伟大事业推向前进,最根本的是坚持党的基本路线,加快改革开放,集中精力把经济建设搞上去。同时,要围绕经济建设这个中心,加强社会主义民主法制和精神文明建设,促进社会全面进步。

Modern Chinese history and the realities of the present-day world show that so long as a country is economically backward, it will be in a passive position, subject to manipulation by others. Nowadays the competition among the various countries is, in essence, a competition of overall national strength based on economic, scientific and technological strength. A great number of countries and regions, especially our neighbours, are speeding up their development. If we fail to develop our economy rapidly, it will be very difficult for us to consolidate the socialist system and maintain long-term social stability. Whether we can accelerate economic growth is therefore an important question both economically and politically.

我国近代的历史和当今世界的现实都清楚表明,经济落后就会非常被动,就会受制于人。当前国际竞争的实质是以经济和科技实力为基础的综合国力较量。世界上许多国家特别是我们周边的一些国家和地区都在加快发展。如果我国经济发展慢了,社会主义制度的巩固和国家的长治久安都会遇到极大困难。所以,我国经济能不能加快发展,不仅是重大的经济问题,而且是重大的政治问题。

The economic target set for the 1990s was to increase the gross national product annually by 6 per cent. However, judging from the situation at home and abroad, it is possible for us to achieve a higher growth rate. According to an initial estimate, we can achieve a growth rate of 8 or 9 per cent, and we should strive to do so. If we work hard to improve the quality of products and to optimize the structure of production and increase economic returns, we should be able to attain that goal. Then, by the end of this century, overall economic performance will have improved, the overall national strength will have been raised to a new level, the output of the basic industrial and agricultural products will have greatly increased and we shall have exceeded the goal of quadrupling the GNP of 1980. The structure of production and the regional distribution of the economy will have become more rational, and scientific and technological levels and managerial skills will have been raised considerably. A large number of key enterprises will have reached or approached advanced world standards. The people will be beginning to lead a relatively comfortable life. We propose that the State Council readjust the Eighth Five-Year Plan in accordance with the estimated higher growth rate and begin drawing up the ninth.

九十年代我国经济的发展速度,原定为国民生产总值平均每年增长百分之六,现在从国际国内形势的发展情况来看,可以更快一些。根据初步测算,增长百分之八到九是可能的,我们应该向这个目标前进。在提高质量、优化结构、增进效益的基础上努力实现这样的发展速度,到本世纪末我国国民经济整体素质和综合国力将迈上一个新的台阶。国民生产总值将超过原定比一九八○年翻两番的要求。主要工农业产品产量显著增加。产业结构和地区经济布局比较合理。科学技术和管理水平有较大提高,一批骨干企业接近或达到国际先进水平。人民生活由温饱进入小康。建议国务院对“八五”计划做出必要的调整,并着手研究制订“九五”计划。

We should seize the present opportunity to accelerate economic development. In areas where conditions permit, we should do our best to achieve a higher rate of growth. We should encourage expanded production by enterprises that can turn out high-quality products, operate efficiently and satisfy the changing needs of markets both at home and abroad. At the same time, we should proceed from actual conditions, keep development within the limits of our capabilities and maintain an overall balance. In our efforts to speed up economic growth, we should avoid the mistakes of the past. We should not rush headlong into action, neglecting economic results, vying with each other in pursuit of a higher growth rate and seeking only increased output value, new construction projects and expanded capital construction. We should do solid work, proceeding boldly but prudently and making concerted efforts to accomplish a few major tasks that will pave the way for faster growth and better economic results in future.

当前,要紧紧抓住有利时机,加快发展,有条件能搞快一些的就快一些,只要是质量高、效益好、适应国内外市场需求变化的,就应当鼓励发展。要坚持从实际出发,注意量力而行,搞好综合平衡,不要一讲加快发展,就一哄而起,走到过去那种忽视效益,片面追求产值,争相攀比,盲目上新项目、一味扩大基建规模的老路上去。要真抓实干,大胆而又细致地工作,齐心协力办好几件大事,走出一条既有较高速度又有较好效益的国民经济发展路子。

To accelerate economic growth we must further emancipate our minds, speed up the reform and the opening to the rest of the world and not get bogged down in an abstract debate over what is socialist and what is capitalist. To achieve superiority over capitalist countries, socialist countries should not hesitate to adopt from abroad, including from the developed capitalist countries, any advanced methods of operation or management techniques that reflect the general laws governing modern production and the commodity economy. Foreign funds, resources, technology and skilled personnel, along with privately owned enterprises that are a useful supplement to our economy, can and should be put to use for the benefit of socialism. That will not harm socialism but help it, since political power is in the hands of the people, and since we have a strong public sector.

加快我国经济发展,必须进一步解放思想,加快改革开放的步伐,不要被一些姓“社”姓“资”的抽象争论束缚自己的思想和手脚。社会主义要赢得同资本主义相比较的优势,必须大胆吸收和借鉴世界各国包括资本主义发达国家的一切反映现代社会化生产和商品经济一般规律的先进经营方式和管理方法。国外的资金、资源、技术、人才以及作为有益补充的私营经济,都应当而且能够为社会主所利用。政权在人民手中,又有强大的公有制经济,这样做不会损害社会主义,只会有利于社会主义的发展。

Setting the right objective for the reform of China’s economic structure is vital to the success of the drive for socialist modernization. Correct understanding and handling of the relations between planning and market regulation is crucial. According to conventional thinking, a market economy is peculiar to capitalism, and a planned economy is the basic feature of socialism. Since the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee and with the deepening of the reform, we have gradually freed ourselves from those conventional ideas and acquired a new understanding of this question. This has played an important role in advancing the reform and economic development. The 12th National Congress declared that in a socialist economy planning was primary and market regulation secondary. At the Third Plenary Session of the 12thCentral Committee, the Party stated that a commodity economy was a stage that could not be bypassed in socioeconomic development and that China’s socialist economy was a planned commodity economy based on public ownership. The 13th National Congress held that the socialist planned commodity economy should be a system that integrated planning with market regulation. After the Fourth Plenary Session of the 13th Central Committee it said that to facilitate the development of a socialist planned commodity economy, we should establish an economic structure and an operating mechanism that combined planning with the use of market forces. In the important talks he gave earlier this year, Comrade Deng Xiaoping particularly pointed out that a planned economy was not socialism – there was planning under capitalism too. A market economy was not capitalism – there was market regulation under socialism too. Planning and market regulation, he said, were both means of controlling economic activity. Whether the emphasis was on planning or on market regulation was not the essential distinction between socialism and capitalism. This brilliant thesis has helped free us from the restrictive notion that the planned economy and the market economy belong to basically different social systems, thus bringing about a great breakthrough in our understanding of the relations between planning and market regulation.

我国经济体制改革确定什么样的目标模式,是关系整个社会主义现代化建设全局的一个重大问题。这个问题的核心,是正确认识和处理计划与市场的关系。传统的观念认为,市场经济是资本主义特有的东西,计划经济才是社会主义经济的基本特征。十一届三中全会以来,随着改革的深入,我们逐步摆脱这种观念,形成新的认识,对推动改革和发展起了重要作用。十二大提出计划经济为主,市场调节为辅;十二届三中全会指出商品经济是社会经济发展不可逾越的阶段,我国社会主义经济是公有制基础上的有计划商品经济;十三大提出社会主义有计划商品经济的体制应该是计划与市场内在统一的体制;十三届四中全会后,提出建立适应有计划商品经济发展的计划经济与市场调节相结合的经济体制和运行机制。特别是邓小平同志今年初重要谈话进一步指出,计划经济不等于社会主义,资本主义也有计划;市场经济不等于资本主义,社会主义也有市场。计划和市场都是经济手段。计划多一点还是市场多一点,不是社会主义与资本主义的本质区别。这个精辟论断,从根本上解除了把计划经济和市场经济看作属于社会基本制度范畴的思想束缚,使我们在计划与市场关系问题上的认识有了新的重大突破。改革开放十多年来,市场范围逐步扩大,大多数商品的价格已经放开,计划直接管理的领域显著缩小,市场对经济活动调节的作用大大增强。实践表明,市场作用发挥比较充分的地方,经济活力就比较强,发展态势也比较好。我国经济要优化结构,提高效益,加快发展,参与国际竞争,就必须继续强化市场机制的作用。实践的发展和认识的深化,要求我们明确提出,我国经济体制改革的目标是建立社会主义市场经济体制,以利于进一步解放和发展生产力。

With the reform and the open policy introduced in the last dozen years, market forces have functioned more extensively. Control over the prices of most commodities has been relaxed and the extent of mandatory planning considerably reduced, which has given greater scope to market forces in regulating economic activities. Practice in China has proved that where market forces have been given full play, there the economy has been vigorous and has developed in a sound way. To optimize the economic structure, to improve economic performance, to accelerate economic development and to take part in international competition, we must continue to intensify the market forces. Now that we have gained a deeper understanding of them in practice, we should state explicitly that the objective of the reform of the economic structure will be to establish a socialist market economy that will further liberate and expand the productive forces. By establishing such an economic structure we mean to let market forces, under the macroeconomic control of the state, serve as the basic means of regulating the allocation of resources, to subject economic activity to the law of value and to make it responsive to the changing relations between supply and demand. We should make use of pricing and competition to distribute resources to those enterprises that yield good economic returns. In this way, we shall provide an incentive for enterprises to improve their performance, so that the efficient ones will prosper and the inefficient ones will be eliminated. Since the market is sensitive to changes in demand, we should use it to make timely readjustment in production, as necessary. Nevertheless, we must be aware that the market has its own weaknesses and negative aspects. Macro-control of the economy by the state is therefore very important, and the way in which it is exercised must be improved. We should work hard to establish an integrated national market, and we should give more rein to market forces. We should guide the growth of the market by economic policies, regulations, planning and necessary administrative means, in accordance with objective laws.

我们要建立的社会主义市场经济体制,就是要使市场在社会主义国家宏观调控下对资源配置起基础性作用,使经济活动遵循价值规律的要求,适应供求关系的变化;通过价格杠杆和竞争机制的功能,把资源配置到效益较好的环节中去,并给企业以压力和动力,实现优胜劣汰;运用市场对各种经济信号反应比较灵敏的优点,促进生产和需求的及时协调。同时也要看到市场有其自身的弱点和消极方面,必须加强和改善国家对经济的宏观调控。我们要大力发展全国的统一市场,进一步扩大市场的作用,并依据客观规律的要求,运用好经济政策、经济法规、计划指导和必要的行政管理,引导市场健康发展。

The socialist market economy is a component part of the basic system of socialism. So far as the ownership structure is concerned, for a long time to come we should allow diverse sectors of the economy to develop side by side. The public sector, which includes enterprises owned by the whole people and enterprises owned by collectives, is to remain predominant, with the private sector, which includes individually owned and foreign-owned enterprises, as a supplement. Different sectors of the economy can operate jointly in different ways on a voluntary basis. Enterprises owned by the whole people should play the leading role when they compete with others in the market on an equal footing. So far as distribution is concerned, remuneration according to one’s work will remain the predominant mode, with other modes as a supplement; these too, however, should be fair and based on performance. By using various means of regulation, including the market, we should encourage the advanced and help raise efficiency. We should widen differences in personal income to a reasonable degree, but at the same time we should prevent polarization and gradually bring about common prosperity. Through macro-control a socialist country is able to integrate people’s immediate interests with their long-term interests and the interests of some with the interests of all, exploiting the advantages of both planning and market forces. The state plan is an important means of macro-control. We should renew our concept of planning and improve our methods. When the state makes plans, its main tasks should be to set rational strategic targets for national economic and social development, to forecast economic development, to control total supply and total demand, to readjust the geographical distribution of industries and of the productive forces and to muster the financial and material resources necessary for the construction of important projects – all for the purpose of speeding up economic development by employing all economic levers.

社会主义市场经济体制是同社会主义基本制度结合在一起的。在所有制结构上,以公有制包括全民所有制和集体所有制经济为主体,个体经济、私营经济、外资经济为补充,多种经济成分长期共同发展,不同经济成分还可以自愿实行多种形式的联合经营。国有企业、集体企业和其他企业都进入市场,通过平等竞争发挥国有企业的主导作用。在分配制度上,以按劳分配为主体,其他分配方式为补充,兼顾效率与公平。运用包括市场在内的各种调节手段,既鼓励先进,促进效率,合理拉开收入差距,又防止两极分化,逐步实现共同富裕。在宏观调控上,我们社会主义国家能够把人民的当前利益与长远利益、局部利益与整体利益结合起来,更好地发挥计划和市场两种手段的长处。国家计划是宏观调控的重要手段之一。要更新计划观念,改进计划方法,重点是合理确定国民经济和社会发展的战略目标,搞好经济发展预测、总量调控、重大结构与生产力布局规划,集中必要的财力物力进行重点建设,综合运用经济杠杆,促进经济更好更快地发展。

Establishing and improving a socialist market economy will be a long process, because it is a difficult and complex feat of social systems engineering. We must be prepared to make sustained efforts, but at the same time we should work with a sense of urgency. We must keep to the correct orientation, but at the same time we should proceed in the light of actual conditions. During the process of establishing the socialist market economy, the extent to which planning is combined with market regulation and the form the combination takes may vary at different times, in different places and in different sectors of the economy. We should be bold in exploring new ways, dare to experiment and constantly review our experience so as to expedite the replacement of the old structure with the new. The establishment of a socialist market economy involves many spheres of the economic base and the superstructure, and it therefore requires corresponding structural reforms and the readjustment of a series of policies. We must draw up a general plan and carry it out step by step. We are convinced that a market economy established under the socialist system can and should operate better than one under the capitalist system.

建立和完善社会主义市场经济体制,是一个长期发展的过程,是一项艰巨复杂的社会系统工程。既要做持久的努力,又要有紧迫感;既要坚定方向,又要从实际出发,区别不同情况,积极推进。在建立社会主义市场经济体制的过程中,计划与市场两种手段相结合的范围、程度和形式,在不同时期、不同领域和不同地区可以有所不同。要大胆探索,敢于试验,及时总结经验,促进体制转换的健康进行。建立社会主义市场经济体制,涉及到我国经济基础和上层建筑的许多领域,需要有一系列相应的体制改革和政策调整,必须抓紧制定总体规划,有计划、有步骤地实施。我们相信,社会主义条件下的市场经济,应当也完全可能比资本主义条件下的市场经济运转得更好。

To accelerate the reform and opening up and to promote economic development and all-round social progress, we must redouble our efforts to fulfil the following ten major tasks, all of which involve the overall interests.

为了加速改革开放,推动经济发展和社会全面进步,必须努力实现十个方面关系全局的主要任务。

1. To accelerate economic reform while establishing a socialist market economy.

第一,围绕社会主义市场经济体制的建立,加快经济改革步伐。

To establish a socialist market economy we must do the following important and interrelated tasks.

建立社会主义市场经济体制,要认真抓好几个相互联系的重要环节。

First, we must change the way in which state-owned enterprises operate, especially the large and medium-sized ones, and push them into the market so as to increase their vitality and efficiency. This is the key to establishing a socialist market economy, consolidating the socialist system and demonstrating its superiority. By straightening out the relations between ownership and management of enterprises, separating the functions of the government from those of enterprises and granting the latter more autonomy, we should turn them into legal entities responsible for their own decisions about their operation and expansion and for their own profits and losses. They should become the most competitive enterprises and take responsibility for preserving and increasing the value of the state assets. The contract system currently in force should be further improved. The shareholding system will help promote the separation of the functions of the government from those of enterprises, the change in the way enterprises operate and the accumulation of social capital. We should therefore try it out in selected enterprises, reviewing our experience regularly and formulating laws and regulations to ensure that the system develops in a sound and orderly manner. Where conditions permit, enterprises should be encouraged to join or amalgamate into enterprise groups. Some small state-owned enterprises may be leased or sold to collectives or individuals.

一是转换国有企业特别是大中型企业的经营机制,把企业推向市场,增强它们的活力,提高它们的素质。这是建立社会主义市场经济体制的中心环节,是巩固社会主义制度和发挥社会主义优越性的关键所在。通过理顺产权关系,实行政企分开,落实企业自主权,使企业真正成为自主经营、自负盈亏、自我发展、自我约束的法人实体和市场竞争的主体,并承担国有资产保值增值的责任。当前实行的经营承包制应当进一步完善。股份制有利于促进政企分开、转换企业经营机制和积聚社会资金,要积极试点,总结经验,抓紧制定和落实有关法规,使之有秩序地健康发展。鼓励有条件的企业联合、兼并,合理组建企业集团。国有小型企业,有些可以出租或出售给集体或个人经营。

Second, we must accelerate the establishment of the market system. We should continue our efforts to develop commodity markets, especially for capital goods, and build up financial markets, including markets for bonds, stocks and other negotiable securities, and markets for technology, labour, information and real estate, so as to form an integrated national market system open to all. At the same time, we should strengthen market rules and regulations, dismantle the barriers between regions, prohibit embargoes and prevent the formation of monopolies, so as to promote competition on an equal footing. Reform of the pricing system is the key to the building of markets and the restructuring of the economy. It is therefore necessary to proceed more rapidly with that reform, in accordance with the tolerance of the different sectors of society, straightening out price relations and establishing a system in which most prices are determined by market forces.

二是加快市场体系的培育。继续大力发展商品市场特别是生产资料市场,积极培育包括债券、股票等有价证卷的金融市场,发展技术、劳务、信息和房地产等市场,尽快形成全国统一的开放的市场体系。加强市场制度和法规建设,坚决打破条条块块的分割、封锁和垄断,促进和保护公平竞争。价格改革是市场发育和经济体制改革的关键,应当根据各方面的承受能力,加快改革步伐,积极理顺价格关系,建立起以市场形成价格为主的价格机制。

Third, we must deepen the reform of the system of distribution and the system of social security. We should smooth the relations of distribution between the state and enterprises and between the central and local authorities, taking into consideration the interests of the state, of collectives and of individuals. We have to introduce gradually a system whereby enterprises pay tax plus a percentage of profits and a system whereby tax revenues are shared by central and local authorities. We should speed up the reform of the wage system, with the aim of gradually introducing different systems that are suitable for enterprises, institutions and government organs respectively, as well as a mechanism for normal increase of wages. We should also speed up the establishment of a system of social security covering unemployment, the aged and health and the reform of the housing system in cities and towns.

三是深化分配制度和社会保障制度的改革。统筹兼顾国家、集体、个人三者利益,理顺国家与企业、中央与地方的分配关系,逐步实行利税分流和分税制。加快工资制度改革,逐步建立起符合企业、事业单位和机关各自特点的工资制度与正常的工资增长机制。积极建立待业、养老、医疗等社会保障制度,努力推进城镇住房制度改革。

Fourth, we must accelerate the change in the functions of government. This is of major importance if we are to keep the superstructure in line with the economic base and to promote economic development. Unless we make substantial progress in this respect, it will be hard for us to advance the programme of reform and to establish a socialist market economy. The fundamental way to effect this change is to separate the functions of the government from those of enterprises. Governments at all levels should refrain from intervening in areas where the state has decreed that functions and powers belong to enterprises. Neither central nor local government departments may exercise powers that have been assigned to enterprises. The functions of the government are to make overall plans, to see that policies are carried out correctly, to offer guidance by supplying information, to organize and coordinate, to provide services and to inspect and supervise. Further efforts should be made to reform the management systems of the specialized departments in charge of planning, investment, finance, banking and so on and to tighten auditing and economic supervision. We should improve the systems and methods of scientific macro-management of the economy and divide the responsibilities for it rationally among the central authorities, provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government, giving full play to the initiative of each.

四是加快政府职能的转变。这是上层建筑适应经济基础和促进经济发展的大问题。不在这方面取得实质性进展,改革难以深化、社会主义市场经济体制难以建立。转变的根本途径是政企分开。凡是国家法令规定属于企业行使的职权,各级政府都不要干预。下放给企业的权利,中央政府部门和地方政府都不得截留。政府的职能,主要是统筹规划,掌握政策,信息引导,组织协调,提供服务和检查监督。进一步改革计划、投资、财政、金融和一些专业部门的管理体制,同时强化审计和经济监督,健全科学的宏观管理体制与方法。合理划分中央与省、自治区、直辖市的经济管理权限,充分发挥中央和地方两个积极性。

2. To open wider to the outside world and make more and better use of foreign funds, resources, technology and management expertise.

第二,进一步扩大对外开放,更多更好地利用国外资金、资源、技术和管理经验。

The number of areas and regions open to other countries needs to be increased. Exchanges can take place in all domains, at different levels and through many channels. Continued efforts should be made to improve the management of the special economic zones, the open coastal cities and the open coastal economic development areas. We must open more areas along the borders and in the interior provinces and autonomous regions. We should also open more cities along the Yangtze River, while concentrating on the development and opening of the Pudong Area of Shanghai. We want to make Shanghai one of the international economic, financial and trade centres as soon as possible and to bring about a new leap in economic development in the Yangtze River Delta and the whole Yangtze River basin. We should accelerate the opening and development of Guangdong, Fujian, Hainan and the rim of Bohai Bay, enabling Guangdong and other areas where conditions are ripe to basically achieve the goal of modernization in 20 years.

对外开放的地域要扩大,形成多层次、多渠道、全方位开放的格局。继续办好经济特区、沿海开放城市和沿海经济开放区。扩大开放沿边地区,加快内陆省、自治区对外开放的步伐。以上海浦东开发开放为龙头,进一步开放长江沿岸城市,尽快把上海建成国际经济、金融、贸易中心之一,带动长江三角洲和整个长江流域地区经济的新飞跃。加速广东、福建、海南、环渤海湾地区开放和开发,力争经过二十年的努力,使广东及其他有条件的地方成为我国基本实现现代化的地区。

We should open up more areas to foreign investment. We should continue to improve the investment environment and provide better conditions for foreign businessmen to invest and do business in China, and we should give them full legal protection. We should attract foreign investment in accordance with the national industrial policy, channeling it into infrastructural facilities, basic industries, enterprises that need to be technically transformed or that are capital- or technology-intensive and also, in a certain measure, into banking, commerce, tourism, real estate and other domains. We should ensure rational distribution and better management of the economic and technological development zones and the development zones for industries using high and new technology.

利用外资的领域要拓宽。采取更加灵活的方式,继续完善投资环境,为外商投资经营提供更方便的条件和更充分的法律保障。按照产业政策,积极吸引外商投资,引导外资主要投向基础设施、基础产业和企业的技术改造,投向资金、技术密集型产业,适当投向金融、商业、旅游、房地产等领域。经济技术开发区和高新技术产业开发区的建设,要合理布局,认真办好。

We should open up more international markets, diversify our trading partners and develop an export-oriented economy. We should expand export trade, change the export product mix and export high grade commodities of good quality. At the same time, we should increase imports in an appropriate amount and make use of more foreign resources and advanced technology. We should deepen the reform of the system for managing foreign trade and establish, as soon as possible, a new system that is in keeping with the development of the socialist market economy and conforms to international norms. We should grant to enterprises and to science and technology research institutes the power to engage in foreign trade, and we should encourage enterprises to expand their investments abroad and their transnational operations.

积极开拓国际市场,促进对外贸易多元化,发展外向型经济。扩大出口贸易,改善出口商品结构,提高出口商品的质量和档次,同时适当增加进口,更多地利用国外资源和引进先进技术。深化外贸体制改革,尽快建立适应社会主义市场经济发展的、符合国际贸易规范的新型外贸体制。赋予有条件的企业、科技单位以外贸自营权。积极扩大我国企业的对外投资和跨国经营。

3. To readjust and optimize the structure of production, put great effort into agriculture and accelerate the development of basic industries, infrastructural facilities and the tertiary industry.

第三,调整和优化产业结构,高度重视农业,加快发展基础工业、基础设施和第三产业。

In light of the current condition of our economy and its trend of development, we should try to raise the level of agriculture, which is the primary industry, and steadily increase its output. We should continue expanding the secondary industry and readjusting its structure, and we should make greater efforts to promote the tertiary industry.

根据我国经济的现实情况和发展趋向,应当着力提高第一产业即农业的质量,稳步增加产量;继续发展第二产业,积极调整工业结构;大力促进第三产业的兴起。

Agriculture is the foundation of the national economy. We must continue to give first priority to developing it, and we must revitalize the whole rural economy. We must recognize the importance of diversification and, while ensuring that the output of grain and cotton increases steadily, continue to adjust the agricultural structure. We should do all we can to expand farming, forestry, animal husbandry, sideline production and fisheries, and to develop a highly efficient agriculture that provides greater and better yields. We should persist in revitalizing agriculture by relying on science and technology and on education. We should increase investment in agriculture in different forms and through different channels, continue our efforts to build water conservancy projects and constantly raise the level of intensive management and overall productivity. We should vigorously expand township enterprises, particularly supporting those in the central and western parts of the country and in areas inhabited by people of minority nationalities. We must carry out the decision of the Eighth Plenary Session of the 13th Central Committee in all respects by further restructuring the rural economy and reforming the methods of operation. We should try to stabilize for a long time to come, and constantly improve, the responsibility system, the main form of which is the household contract that links remuneration to output, and the system of unified management combined with independent management. We should develop diverse forms of collectivized agricultural services and gradually increase the economic strength of collectives, as actual conditions in various places allow. We should move faster to reform the pricing system for agricultural products and the rural circulation system. In developing the rural economy we should continue to expand the regulatory role of the market.

农业是国民经济的基础,必须坚持把加强农业放在首位,全面振兴农村经济。树立大农业观念,保持粮食、棉花稳定增产,继续调整农业内部结构,积极发展农、林、牧、副、渔各业,努力开发高产优质高效农业。坚持依靠科技、教育兴农,多形式、多渠道增加农业投入,坚持不懈地开展农田水利建设,不断提高农业的集约经营水平和综合生产能力。继续大力发展乡镇企业,特别要扶持和加快中西部地区和少数民族地区乡镇企业的发展。必须全面贯彻十三届八中全会的决定,深化农村经济体制和经营机制的改革。要把家庭联产承包为主的责任制,统分结合的双层经营体制,作为一项基本制度长期稳定下来,并不断充实完善。积极发展多种形式的农业社会化服务体系。从各地实际出发,逐步壮大集体经济实力。抓紧进行农产品价格和农村流通体制的改革,继续强化市场在农村经济中的调节作用。

Rapid development of such infrastructural facilities and basic industries as transportation, telecommunications, energy, important raw and semi-finished materials and water conservancy is urgently needed both to accelerate economic development now and to prepare for further development later. For this purpose, we should concentrate on building efficiently a certain number of “backbone” projects of high quality. We should lose no time in launching construction of the key Yangtze Three Gorges water conservancy project, the project to divert water from the Yangtze River to north China, the railway for transporting coal from west to east China, the 10-million-ton iron and steel complex and other super-projects that will not be completed until the next century. We should intensify geological exploration. We should revitalize the machine-building and electronics industries, the petrochemical industry, the automobile industry and the construction industry to make them the pillars of the economy. We should lose no time in developing high- and new-technology industries. Ordinary enterprises in textiles, processing and other light industries should increase their efficiency and raise their technical level through association, reorganization and technical transformation. Full attention should be paid to economizing energy and raw and semi-finished materials so that resources can be put to best use. So far as investment in fixed assets is concerned, we should give priority to infrastructural facilities, basic industries and projects for the technological transformation, rebuilding and expansion of existing enterprises, especially those for the technological transformation of the old industrial bases and of “backbone” enterprises.

加快交通、通信、能源、重要原材料和水利等基础设施和基础工业的开发与建设。这是当前加快经济发展的迫切需要,也是增强经济发展后劲的重要条件。集中必要的力量,高质量、高效率地建设一批重点骨干工程,抓紧长江三峡水利枢纽、南水北调、西煤东运新铁路通道、千万吨级钢铁基地等跨世纪特大工程的兴建。加强地质勘探。振兴机械电子、石油化工、汽车制造和建筑业,使它们成为国民经济的支柱产业。不失时机地发展高新技术产业。轻工、纺织等一般加工工业主要通过联合、改组和技术改造,提高素质和水平。高度重视节约能源和原材料,提高资源利用效率。固定资产投资的重点应当放在加强基础设施、基础产业,以及现有企业的技术改造和改建扩建上,尤其要重视老工业基地和大型骨干企业的技术改造。

A flourishing tertiary industry is one of the important features of a modern economy. At present, the total value of services in China is far less than it is in developed countries and even in many other developing countries. An expansion of commerce, banking, insurance and tourism, of services in the fields of information, law, accounting and auditing and also of neighbourhood services will augment the growth of the market. It will also help to socialize and professionalize services, to achieve better economic results and increase efficiency, and to ensure convenience for the people and enrich their lives. Moreover, it will create employment opportunities and provide the necessary conditions for readjusting the economic structure, changing the way enterprises operate and reforming the government structure. We must call upon the initiative of the state, collectives and individuals and step up development of the tertiary industry so as to greatly increase its proportion in the GNP.

第三产业的兴旺发达,是现代化经济的一个重要特征。目前我国第三产业在国民生产总值中的比重,大大低于发达国家和许多发展中国家。发展我国商业、金融、保险、旅游、信息、法律和会计审计咨询、居民服务等第三产业,不仅有利于促进市场发育,提高服务的社会化、专业化水平,提高经济效益和效率,方便和丰富人民生活,而且可以广开就业门路,为经济结构调整、企业经营机制转换和政府机构改革创造重要条件。要发挥国家、集体、个人三方面的积极性,加快第三产业的发展,使之在国民生产总值中的比重有明显提高。

4. To accelerate progress in science and technology, make special efforts to develop education and give full scope to the abilities of intellectuals.

第四,加速科技进步,大力发展教育,充分发挥知识分子的作用。

Science and technology constitute a primary productive force. If the economy is to be revitalized, it is necessary first and foremost to promote the development of science and technology. Only steady progress in those domains will enable us to gain the initiative in sharp competition. At a time when we are facing the major tasks of accelerating development, readjusting the economic structure and improving performance, it is especially necessary to make all sectors of society more aware of the importance of science and technology and of the need to increase investment in them, so that progress in those fields will provide the basis for economic development. Scientific and technological work should be geared to economic development, which is our main field of endeavour. Personnel should be divided rationally among three areas: development research, development of high and new technology and of industries using it, and basic research. Scientists and technicians should set themselves the goal of scaling the heights: the Chinese nation must take its place in the realm of advanced science and technology. By deepening the reform, we should establish a mechanism for integrating science and technology with the economy, making them real productive forces by speedily commercializing research results. We should constantly improve the protection of intellectual property rights. We should assimilate advanced technologies from abroad and improve upon them. We must increase the contributions of high technology to economic growth, so as to bring about a change from extensive to intensive management of the economy as a whole.

科学技术是第一生产力。振兴经济首先要振兴科技。只有坚定地推进科技进步,才能在激烈的竞争中取得主动。当前,我国经济正面临着加速发展、调整结构、提高效益的重大任务,尤其需要全社会提高科技意识,多方面增加科技投入,真正依靠科技进步。科技工作要面向经济建设主战场,在开发研究、高新技术及其产业、基础性研究这三个方面合理配置力量,确定各自攀登高峰的目标。在世界高科技领域中,中华民族要占有应有位置。通过深化改革,建立和完善科技与经济有效结合的机制,加速科技成果的商品化和向现实生产力转化。不断完善保护知识产权的制度。认真抓好引进先进技术的消化、吸收和创新。努力提高科技进步在经济增长中所占的含量,促进整个经济由粗放经营向集约经营转变。

Scientific and technological progress, economic prosperity and social advances are all basically dependent on the raising of the educational level of workers and the training of personnel. Accordingly, we must make education a strategic priority. If we are to modernize China, it is of fundamental importance to raise the ideological and ethical standards and the scientific and educational levels of the whole population. We have to make the educational structure as effective as possible and to do all we can to strengthen basic education, expand vocational and adult education, develop higher education and encourage independent study. Governments at all levels should devote more resources to education and urge all non-governmental sectors to pool funds to open schools of different types, thus breaking up the state monopoly of education. Schools of all types at all levels should implement the Party’s principles with regard to education and raise the overall quality of instruction. We should try to eliminate illiteracy among most young and middle-aged people by the end of the century and to institute nine-year compulsory education in most places by that time as well. We must further reform the educational system, the content that is taught and the methods of teaching it, strengthen the training of teachers, grant schools more autonomy and promote the integration of education with the development of science and technology and of the economy.

科技进步、经济繁荣和社会发展,从根本上说取决于提高劳动者的素质,培养大批人才。我们必须把教育摆在优先发展的战略地位,努力提高全民族的思想道德和科学文化水平,这是实现我国现代化的根本大计。要优化教育结构,大力加强基础教育,积极发展职业教育、成人教育和高等教育,鼓励自学成才。各级政府要增加教育投入。鼓励多渠道、多形式社会集资办学和民间办学,改变国家包办教育的做法。各级各类学校都要全面贯彻党的教育方针,全面提高教育质量。到本世纪末,基本扫除青壮年文盲,基本实现九年制义务教育。进一步改革教育体制、教学内容和教学方法,加强师资队伍的培养和建设,扩大学校办学自主权,促进教育同经济、科技的密切结合。

Intellectuals are members of the working class who have a better scientific and general education than others and who, as pathbreakers, constitute advanced productive forces. They have an especially important role to play in the reform, the opening up and the modernization drive. Whether we do or do not give full scope to their abilities will determine, to a considerable degree, the prosperity or decline of our nation and the success or failure of the drive for modernization. We should strive to create a better environment for intellectuals that will allow them to use all their skills and knowledge, and we should make further efforts to create an atmosphere of respect for learning and for professionally trained people. We are determined to adopt policies and measures to improve the working, studying and living conditions of intellectuals and to reward handsomely those who make outstanding contributions. We should introduce a regular reward system. We appreciate it when our people studying abroad show concern and support for the drive to modernize the motherland and become involved in it in various ways. When they come back to participate in socialist construction, they will be warmly welcomed no matter what their political attitudes were in the past; proper arrangements will be made for their employment, and they will be allowed to come and go freely and easily. Intellectuals have made tremendous contributions to the cause of socialist modernization. We have no doubt that they will live up to the ardent hopes of the state and the people and prove worthy of the trust placed in them by working even harder to make fresh contributions.

知识分子是工人阶级中掌握科学文化知识较多的一部分,是先进生产力的开拓者,在改革开放和现代化建设中有着特殊重要的作用。能不能充分发挥广大知识分子的才能,在很大程度上决定着我们民族的盛衰和现代化建设的进程。要努力创造更加有利于知识分子施展聪明才智的良好环境,在全社会进一步形成尊重知识、尊重人才的良好风尚。下决心采取重大政策和措施,积极改善知识分子的工作、学习和生活条件,对有突出贡献的知识分子给予重奖,并形成规范化的奖励制度。我们热情欢迎出国学习人员通过多种方式关心、支持和参加祖国的现代化建设。不论他们过去的政治态度如何,都欢迎回来参加社会主义建设,给予妥善安排,并实行出入自由、来去方便的政策。广大知识分子在社会主义现代化事业中已经做出巨大贡献,今后一定会不辜负国家和人民的厚望与重托,更加振奋精神,做出新的贡献。

5. To exploit the particular advantages of each region, accelerate its economic development and rationalize the geographical distribution of the different sectors of the economy.

第五,充分发挥各地优势,加快地区经济发展,促进全国经济布局合理化。

The territory of China is so vast that conditions vary greatly from place to place, and so does the level of economic development. We should try to achieve a rational pattern of industry and promote the healthy development of regional economies under the guidance of unified planning by the state. We should proceed in the light of local conditions and in accordance with a rational division of labour, with all the regions exploiting their own particular advantages for mutual benefit and prosperity. The coastal region in east China should make every effort to develop an export-oriented economy, concentrating on developing products that yield a high added value, earn foreign exchange and are produced with advanced technology and an efficient use of energy and raw and semifinished materials. The region should use more foreign capital and other foreign resources to achieve a higher growth rate and better economic performance. Through overall planning, the state should support the central and western regions, which are endowed with rich natural resources, and the border areas there, which have great potential for opening to the outside world. To help establish a market economy, these regions and areas should open up faster to the other parts of the country and to the outside. They should build more infrastructural projects to facilitate the utilization of their natural resources and develop industries and products for which they are particularly well adapted. Where conditions permit, they should build up the export trade so as to stimulate the development of the entire local economy. Instead of attempting to build complete, self-sufficient economies of their own, the regions should do everything in the interest of the nation as a whole, avoiding construction of redundant projects and duplication of imports. We should promote rational exchange and cooperation between regions, so as to form a new pattern of circulation that will be beneficial to all. In our effort to develop regional economies on the basis of their natural geographical features and existing economic links, we should take full advantage of key cities.

我国地域广阔,各地条件差异很大,经济发展不平衡。应当在国家统一规划指导下,按照因地制宜、合理分工、各展所长、优势互补、共同发展的原则,促进地区经济合理布局和健康发展。东部沿海地区要大力发展外向型经济,重点发展附加值高、创汇高、技术含量高、能源和原材料消耗低的产业和产品,多利用一些国外资金、资源,求得经济发展的更高速度和更好效益。中部和西部地区资源丰富,沿边地区还有对外开放的地缘优势,发展潜力很大,国家要在统筹规划下给予支持。这些地方应当根据市场经济的要求,加快对内对外开放的步伐,加强基础设施建设,促进资源的开发和利用,努力发展优势产业和产品,有条件的也要积极发展外向型经济,以带动整个经济发展。各地都要从国家整体利益出发,树立全局观念,不应追求自成体系,竭力避免不合理的重复建设和重复引进。积极促进合理交换和联合协作,形成地区之间互惠互利的经济循环新格局。要根据自然地理特点和经济的内在联系,充分发挥中心城市作用,努力发展各具特色的区域经济。

To strengthen national unity, consolidate frontier defence and promote economic development nationwide, it is extremely important to bring about faster development in areas inhabited by people of minority nationalities. The poor regions must shake off poverty and set out on the road to prosperity as soon as possible. That is one of our strategic objectives for the second stage of China’s development. The state should adopt effective policies to support areas inhabited by people of minority nationalities, the old revolutionary base areas, border areas and poor areas. In one way or another, economically developed regions should also help them develop.

加快少数民族地区经济发展,对于加强民族团结,巩固边防,促进全国经济发展,具有极为重要的意义。贫困地区尽快脱贫致富,是实现第二步战略目标的重要组成部分。对少数民族地区以及革命老根据地、边疆地区和贫困地区,国家要采取有效政策加以扶持,经济比较发达地区要采取多种形式帮助他们加快发展。

6. To push forward reform of the political structure and bring about great advances in socialist democracy and in the legal system.

第六,积极推进政治体制改革,使社会主义民主和法制建设有一个较大的发展。

To keep pace with economic development and the reform of the economic structure, it is imperative to push forward reform of the political structure, bearing in mind that promotion of democracy must be closely combined with improvement of the legal system. The goal of this reform is to build a socialist democracy suited to Chinese conditions and in no respect a Western, multiparty, parliamentary system. The Constitution of our country provides that the state organs of the People’s Republic of China shall apply the principle of democratic centralism, which is a fundamental principle in China. Democracy among the people is an essential requirement for socialism and one of its intrinsic characteristics. Without democracy and a legal system, there can be no socialism or socialist modernization. We should make notable progress in developing socialist democracy and perfecting the socialist legal system, so as to consolidate the stable social and political environment and ensure the smooth progress of economic development, the reform and the opening to the outside world.

同经济体制改革和经济发展相适应,必须按照民主化和法制化紧密结合的要求,积极推进政治体制改革。我们的政治体制改革,目标是建设有中国特色的社会主义民主政治,绝不是搞西方的多党制和议会制。我国宪法规定,中华人民共和国国家机构实行民主集中制的原则。这是我们的一项根本制度。人民民主是社会主义的本质要求和内在属性。没有民主和法制就没有社会主义,就没有社会主义的现代化。我们应当在发展社会主义民主、健全社会主义法制方面取得明显进展,以巩固和发展稳定的社会政治环境,保证经济建设和改革开放的顺利进行。

We should further improve the system of people’s congresses, strengthen the functions of the congresses and their standing committees in legislating, exercising supervision and so on and expand the role of the people’s deputies. We should improve the system of multiparty cooperation and political consultation under the leadership of the Communist Party. In this new period we should consolidate and broaden the patriotic united front and let the people’s political consultative conferences play a greater part in political consultation and in democratic supervision. We should continue to abide by the principles of “long-term coexistence and mutual supervision” of the various parties and “treating each other with all sincerity and sharing weal or woe”. We should reinforce the practice of consulting with the democratic parties and support the appointment of their members and of persons without party affiliations to leading posts in state organs, with a view to solidifying the alliance of our Party with non-Party people. For our unified, multinational state, the great solidarity of all nationalities is an important guarantee that the motherland will remain unified and that socialist modernization will be realized. It is essential to implement all the Party’s policies with regard to the nationalities. We must perfect the system of regional autonomy in areas inhabited by minority nationalities and adhere to the principle of equality, mutual assistance, unity and co-operation among all nationalities so as to promote common prosperity. The Party’s policies on religion and on the affairs of overseas Chinese must likewise be carried out conscientiously in the service of socialist modernization.

进一步完善人民代表大会制度,加强人民代表大会及其常委会的立法和监督等职能,更好地发挥人民代表的作用。完善共产党领导的多党合作与政治协商制度,巩固和发展新时期的爱国统一战线,充分发挥人民政协在政治协商和民主监督中的作用。坚持“长期共存、互相监督、肝胆相照、荣辱与共”的方针,加强同民主党派协商议事,支持民主党派和无党派人士在国家机关担任领导职务,进一步巩固我们党同党外人士的联盟。我国是统一的多民族国家,各民族的大团结是维护祖国统一、实现社会主义现代化的重要保证。全面贯彻党的民族政策,坚持和完善民族区域自治制度,坚持平等、互助、团结、合作,以促进各民族的共同繁荣。认真贯彻党的宗教政策、侨务政策,为社会主义现代化建设服务。

Scientific and democratic decision-making is essential to democratic centralism and to the building of socialist democracy. Leading organs and leading cadres must listen attentively to the opinions of the people, seek advice from experts in different fields and from research and consultancy institutions and establish a system of democratic and scientific decision-making as soon as possible. We must strengthen democracy at the grassroots level and see to it that the congresses of workers and other employees, the neighbourhood committees and the village committees function well. We should improve the work of the organs supervising law enforcement and government administration, recognize the importance of supervision by public opinion through the media and gradually perfect the supervisory mechanism, so that government organs at all levels and their staff will be brought under effective supervision.

决策的科学化、民主化是实行民主集中制的重要环节,是社会主义民主政治建设的重要任务。领导机关和领导干部要认真听取群众意见,充分发挥各类专家和研究咨询机构的作用,加速建立一套民主的科学的决策制度。加强基层民主建设,切实发挥职工代表大会、居民委员会和村民委员会的作用。强化法律监督机关和行政监察机关的职能,重视传播媒介的舆论监督,逐步完善监督机制,使各级国家机关及其工作人员置于有效的监督之下。

All due attention should be given to the legal system. To establish a socialist market economy, we urgently need to strengthen legislation. In particular, we need to draw up laws and regulations that will ensure smooth progress of the reform and the opening up, and provide for better management of the overall economy and standardize the economic behaviour of enterprises and individuals. It is essential to enforce the Constitution and other laws strictly, to supervise their enforcement, to put an end to arbitrary intervention by persons in authority and to correct the practice of replacing imprisonment for criminal offenses with lighter punishment. We must ensure the independence of the people’s courts and procuratorates in their work. We should strengthen public security, the procuratorates and the people’s courts and improve the quality and competence of their personnel. To enhance the understanding of the people, including the cadres, of democracy and the legal system, education must be combined with practice.

高度重视法制建设。加强立法工作,特别是抓紧制订与完善保障改革开放、加强宏观经济管理、规范微观经济行为的法律和法规,这是建立社会主义市场经济体制的迫切要求。要严格执行宪法和法律,加强执法监督,坚决纠正以言代法、以罚代刑等现象,保障人民法院和检察院依法独立进行审判和检察。加强政法部门自身建设,提高人员素质和执法水平。要把民主法制实践和民主法制教育结合起来,不断增强广大干部群众的民主意识和法制观念。

Good public order is of major importance because it is of immediate concern to the people and because it is necessary to ensure social stability and economic development. We must adopt effective measures to put an end to the disorder that exists in some places. We must strengthen the people’s democratic dictatorship and rely on close cooperation between the relevant organs and the people in an effort to improve all facets of public security. To uphold justice and protect the people, we must crack down on the activities of hostile forces and of criminals.

搞好社会治安,是关系广大群众切身利益,保证社会稳定和经济发展的大事。必须采取有力措施,认真改变有些地方治安不好的状况。要强化人民民主专政职能,依靠专门机关和广大群众的紧密结合,坚持综合治理,坚决打击敌对势力和各种刑事犯罪活动,伸张正义,保护人民。

7. To reform the administrative system and the organizational structure of the Party and the government so as to bring about a change in their functions, straighten out their relations, simplify administration and improve efficiency.

第七,下决心进行行政管理体制和机构改革,切实做到转变职能、理顺关系、精兵简政、提高效率。

If we are to reform the political structure, deepen the economic reform, establish a market economy and accelerate the modernization drive, we must make it our urgent task to reform the organizational structure and to simplify administration. At present, the overstaffing, overlapping and inefficiency of many Party and government organizations cut them off from the masses and so greatly hamper the efforts to change the way enterprises operate that there is no alternative to reform. Party committees and governments at all levels must reach a common understanding on this matter. They must make up their minds to reform the current administrative system and their organizational structure, in accordance with the principles of separating the administration of the government from the management of enterprises and achieving simplification, uniformity and efficiency. The departments in charge of the overall balance of the economy should turn their attention to enhancing macro-economic control. Some specialized economic departments and some organizations whose functions overlap or whose work is similar must be abolished or merged, and the number of temporary, ad hoc organizations should be considerably reduced. Party and government organs must cut back personnel so that they do not exceed their authorized size. To reform organizational structure and simplify administration is an arduous task that will demand overall planning, meticulous organization, concerted efforts by people at all levels and phased implementation. We should try to complete it basically within three years. In the course of reducing personnel, we should raise efficiency and develop the productive forces. On the one hand, we want to rationalize the structure of Party and government departments and improve the quality of personnel; on the other, we want to transfer to the service sector and to other jobs where they are needed large numbers of professionally trained people, who will become a vital new force in the modernization drive.

机构改革,精兵简政,是政治体制改革的紧迫任务,也是深化经济改革、建立市场经济体制和加快现代化建设的重要条件。目前,党政机构臃肿,层次重叠,许多单位人浮于事,效率低下,脱离群众,障碍企业经营机制的转换,已经到了非改不可的地步。各级常委和政府必须统一认识,按照政企分开和精简、统一、效能的原则,下决心对现行行政管理体制和党政机构进行改革。综合经济部门的工作重点要转到加强宏观调控上来。撤并某些专业经济部门和职能交叉重复或业务相近的机构,大幅度裁减非常设机构。精减机关人员,严格定编定员。机构改革、精兵简政是一项艰巨任务,必须统筹规划,精心组织,上下结合,分步实施,三年内基本完成。要把人员精减同提高工作效率和发展社会生产力结合起来,既改善机关人员结构,提高人员素质,又使大批人才转移到第三产业和其他需要加强的工作岗位上去,成为现代化建设的生力军。

We must accelerate the reform of the personnel and labour systems and gradually establish scientific management systems and effective incentive mechanisms appropriate to Party and government departments, to enterprises and to institutions. The reform in this connection must be combined with the reform of the organizational structure and of the wage system. The system of public service must be put in place as soon as possible.

加快人事劳动制度改革,逐步建立健全符合机关、企业和事业单位不同特点的科学的分类管理体制和有效的激励机制。这方面的改革要同机构改革、工资制度改革相结合。尽快推行国家公务员制度。

8. To continue to foster both material progress and cultural and ideological progress, attaching equal importance to both.

第八,坚持两手抓,两手都要硬,把社会主义精神文明建设提高到新水平。

The reform, the process of opening to the outside world and the modernization drive are stimulating the Chinese people to emancipate their minds, acquire a broader outlook, turn their attention to the future and to the world at large and exert every effort to advance material wellbeing. At the same time, these new undertakings call for greater cultural and ideological progress. Only when there is both material progress and cultural and ideological progress can there be socialism with Chinese characteristics. Progress in this second sphere must be closely linked to the central task of economic development, providing our development, reform and opening to the outside world with a powerful ideological driving force and with strong intellectual support.

改革开放和现代化建设,有力地推动着我国人民解放思想、开阔眼界、面向世界、走向末来,焕发出自强不息、奋力拼搏的精神,同时也对精神文明建设提出了更高要求。物质文明和精神文明都搞好,才是有中国特色的社会主义。精神文明建设必须紧紧围绕经济建设这个中心,为经济建设和改革开放提供强大的精神动力和智力支持。

The emphasis must be on progress. We should attach great importance to theoretical work, protect academic freedom, take care to integrate theory with practice, initiate creative research, develop philosophy and other social sciences and uphold and advance Marxism. We should train more young and middle-aged theoretical workers so as to raise their professional competence. We should adhere to the principles of serving the people and the cause of socialism and of letting a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend. We should push forward the reform of the system of managing cultural undertakings, improve our economic policies concerning them and promote a flourishing socialist culture. We should attach importance to the social impact of works of art and encourage the creation of works with healthy content and aesthetic value, especially ones in praise of reform, opening to the outside world and modernization. We should do better work in the fields of the press and publishing, radio and television, literature and art. We should use ideological and political work to arouse the enthusiasm of the masses for devoting themselves to socialist construction. We should teach the people of all nationalities, especially young people, about the Party’s basic line, about modern and contemporary history and about the present conditions of our country, fostering patriotism, community spirit and socialist ideology. Thus, they will come to prize national dignity, self-confidence and self-reliance. They will resist the corrosive influence of the decadent capitalist and feudal ideologies and cherish correct ideals, convictions and values. In every trade and profession, we should cultivate ethical conduct, gradually developing norms of occupational ethics appropriate to each and resolutely overcoming unhealthy practices such as the abuse of power for personal gain. We should strengthen education in social ethics and make a point of commending model workers who embody the spirit of the age. Communities, villages, townships, enterprises and schools should all work for cultural progress. We should continue to have model communities and units established jointly by the army and the people and by the police and the people, so as to achieve cultural progress at the grassroots level in both town and country. Cultural progress requires material support. We should increase investment in this area through all channels and include cultural facilities in the overall programme of urban and rural construction.

精神文明重在建设。应当高度重视理论建设,保障学术自由,注重理论联系实际,创造性地开展研究,繁荣哲学社会科学,坚持和发展马克思主义。加强理论队伍建设,重视中青年理论工作者的培养和提高。坚持“为人民服务、为社会主义服务”的方向和“百花齐放、百家争鸣”的方针。积极推进文化体制改革,完善文化事业的有关经济政策,繁荣社会主义文化。要重视社会效益,鼓励创作内容健康向上特别是讴歌改革开放和现代化建设的具有艺术魅力的精神产品。加强新闻、出版、广播、电视和文学艺术等方面的工作。发挥思想政治工作的优势,激发广大群众投身社会主义建设的积极性。在全国各族人民特别是青少年中,进一步加强党的基本路线教育,爱国主义、集体主义和社会主义思想教育,近代史、现代史教育和国情教育,增强民族自尊、自信和自强精神,抵御资本主义和封建主义腐朽思想的侵蚀,树立正确的理想,信念和价值观。各行各业都要重视职业道德建设,逐步形成适合自身特点的职业道德规范,坚决纠正利用职权谋取私利的行业不正之风。加强社会公德教育,大力表彰具有时代精神的模范人物。搞好社区文化、村镇文化、企业文化、校园文化的建设,进一步开展军民共建、警民共建文明单位等群众性活动,把精神文明建设落实到城乡基层。精神文明建设要有相应的物质保障,要通过各种渠道增加投入,并把这方面的设施建设纳入城乡建设总体规划。

The spread of social evils damages people, especially young people, both physically and mentally, impedes the modernization drive, reform and opening to the outside world, and mars the image of socialism. These evils are therefore detested by the people, and we should wage a determined and effective long-term campaign to wipe them out.

社会丑恶现象的滋长蔓延,毒害人们特别是青少年的身心健康,妨碍现代化建设和改革开放,损害社会主义形象,人民对此深恶痛绝。扫除各种丑恶现象,切不可手软,必须长期坚持,抓出成效。

Party committees at all levels should review the experience they have gained since we began the reform and the opening to the outside world, so as to improve their leadership in the effort to achieve cultural and ideological progress. We should maintain and enrich the fine traditions of the Chinese nation, assimilate the best achievements of other peoples and create an advanced culture and ideology through the rich, active practice of building socialism. We should create a favourable environment for the reform, the opening up and the modernization drive and nurture one generation after another of citizens who have high ideals, moral integrity, a better education and a strong sense of discipline.

各级党委要认真总结改革开放以来的新经验,加强和改进对精神文明建设的领导。我们要继承和发扬中华民族优良的思想文化传统,吸收人类文明发展的一切优秀成果,在生动丰富的社会主义实践中,创造出人类先进的精神文明。我们要为改革开放和现代化建设创造有利环境,培养一代又一代有理想、有道德、有文化、有纪律的新人。

9. To continue improving people’s living standards, strictly control population growth and strengthen environmental protection.

第九,不断改善人民生活,严格控制人口增长,加强环境保护。

The purpose of accelerating the reform, the opening up and economic development is to meet the growing material and cultural demands of the people. As production expands and social wealth increases, the real incomes, the consumption levels and the living standards of both urban and rural people will rise markedly. Their food, clothing, transportation and especially their housing will greatly improve. Their cultural life will grow richer, physical culture will develop, public health services will improve and the general level of health will rise. It will be a magnificent achievement when the people of our country – one-fifth of the world’s population – can lead a relatively comfortable life. At the same time, it should be remembered that China started with a poor economic foundation and that in this pioneering stage of the modernization drive we need more funds for construction. We must therefore continue the fine tradition of building the country through hard work and frugality. We should encourage people to practise economy.

加快改革开放和经济发展,目的都是为了满足人民日益增长的物质文化需要。随着生产发展和社会财富的增加,城乡居民的实际收入、消费水平和生活质量要有明显提高。衣食住行尤其是居住条件,应有较多改善。文化生活更加丰富,体育、卫生事业进一步发展,人民健康水平继续提高。在我们这个占世界人口五分之一的国家里,人民过上小康生活,是一件了不起的大事。同时应当指出,我国底子薄,目前处在实现现代化的创业阶段,需要有更多的资金用于建设,一定要继续发扬艰苦奋斗、勤俭建国的优良传统,提倡崇尚节约的社会风气。

We should firmly carry out the basic state policies of controlling population growth and strengthening environmental protection. We must never let up in the work of family planning. We should make sure that the established goal of population control is attained, promote prenatal and postnatal care and improve the people’s health. We should study the ageing of the population and take appropriate measures to deal with it. We should increase the people’s awareness of the importance of the environment, so that they will help preserve land, mineral resources, forests, water and other natural resources, use them wisely and protect the ecology.

认真执行控制人口增长和加强环境保护的基本国策。计划生育工作决不能放松,必须确保实现既定的人口控制目标,坚持优生优育,提高人口质量。重视研究人口老龄化问题,认真做好这方面的工作。要增强全民族的环境意识,保护和合理利用土地、矿藏、森林、水等自然资源,努力改善生态环境。

10. To strengthen the army and increase our defence capabilities so as to guarantee the smooth progress of the reform, the opening up and economic development.

第十,加强军队建设,增强国防实力,保障改革开放和经济建设顺利进行。

The Chinese People’s Liberation Army is the strong shield of the people’s democratic dictatorship, a great wall of steel protecting the socialist motherland and an important force for building socialism with Chinese characteristics. Now and for a long time to come, our drive for socialist modernization will be conducted in a complex and changing international environment. It is essential always to uphold the Party’s absolute leadership over the army. In accordance with Comrade Deng Xiaoping’s concept of army-building in the new period, we must create the best armed forces that our conditions permit, turning the PLA into a strong, modernized, revolutionary regular army and constantly increasing our defence capabilities, so as to provide powerful protection for the reform, the opening up and economic development. We have already cut the size of the army by one million men. From now on, it must work hard to meet the requirements of modern warfare, pay attention to quality and enhance its overall combat effectiveness. Thus it will be ready to perform even better the sacred mission of defending China’s interests, its sovereignty over its territory, territorial waters and air space, and its maritime rights and of safeguarding the unity and security of the motherland. At the same time, the army must consciously subordinate itself to the overall interests of national economic development, actively support and participate in the reform, the opening up and the modernization drive and make its contributions to China’s development and prosperity. The army must strengthen and reform itself, giving education and training strategic importance and improving the overall combat effectiveness of officers and men. All army units must be qualified politically and competent militarily. They must have a fine style of work, maintain strict discipline and be assured of adequate logistical support. To gradually improve weapons and equipment we must recognize the importance of scientific and technological research for national defence and that of the defence industry. As always, Party organizations, governments at all levels and all the Chinese people should be concerned with strengthening national defence and should support the army in its tasks. We must educate the people about the importance of national defence. The army should never abandon the work it does to support the government and show its concern for the people, and the government should never abandon its support for the army and its preferential treatment of families of revolutionary armymen and martyrs. This will improve the excellent situation in which both the army and the government on the one hand and the army and the people on the other are united and support each other. We must make a success of the work with regard to the militia and reservists, constantly building up the reserves for national defence. The Chinese People’s Armed Police is an important force for protecting the drive for socialist modernization. We must continue to strengthen that force, together with the public security and state security departments, so they can be more effective in maintaining national security and social stability.

中国人民解放军是人民民主专政的坚强柱石,是捍卫社会主义祖国的钢铁长城,是建设有中国特色社会主义的重要力量。在当前和今后相当长的时期内,我国社会主义现代化建设仍将在复杂多变的国际环境中进行。必须始终不渝地坚持党对军队的绝对领导,必须按照邓小平同志关于新时期军队建设的思想,走有中国特色的精兵之路,把人民解放军建设成为强大的现代化正规化革命军队,不断增强我国国防实力,为改革开放和经济建设提供坚强有力的安全保证。我国已经裁军百万,今后军队要努力适应现代战争的需要,注重质量建设,全面增强战斗力,更好地担负起保卫国家领土、领空、领海主权和海洋权益,维护祖国统一和安全的神圣使命;同时,要自觉服从国家经济建设的大局,积极支持和参与改革开放和现代化建设,为国家的发展和繁荣贡献力量。军队要努力搞好各项建设和改革,切实把教育训练摆到战略地位,全面提高官兵素质,使全军部队做到政治合格、军事过硬、作风优良、纪律严明、保障有力。重视国防科技研究和国防工业,逐步改善武器装备。各级党组织、政府和全国人民要一如既往地关心国防建设,支持军队完成各项任务。抓好全民国防教育,广泛深入持久地开展拥政爱民、拥军优属活动,发展军政军民相互团结、相互支持的大好局面。做好民兵、预备役工作,不断加强国防后备力量建设。中国人民武装警察部队是保卫社会主义现代化建设的一支重要力量。要继续加强人民武装警察部队和公安、安全等部门的建设,更加有力地维护国家安全和社会稳定。

Comrades! The reform, the opening to the outside world and the modernization drive are great undertakings of the people. To accomplish the arduous tasks of the 1990s, we must rely wholeheartedly on the working class and on the rest of the vast labouring people, giving full play to their enthusiasm and creativity. So long as the Chinese people of all nationalities remain closely united and work hard for the prosperity of the country and for socialist modernization, our cause will surely triumph.

同志们!改革开放和现代化建设是人民群众的伟大事业。我们要胜利实现九十年代的繁重任务,必须全心全意依靠工人阶级和广大劳动群众,充分发挥全体人民的积极性和创造性。只要我国各族人民紧密团结,奋发图强,我们的社会主义现代化事业就一定会无往而不胜。

III. The International Situation and Our Foreign Policy

三、国际形势和我们的对外政策

In the complex and volatile world situation, we have scored major achievements in our relations with other countries. The People’s Republic of China has cemented optimum good-neighbour relations with surrounding countries since its founding, has strengthened its solidarity and cooperation with the large numbers of developing countries and has improved and expanded its relations with all countries, including the developed ones in the West, on the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Co-existence. China’s international influence has steadily increased and its international standing has risen.

在复杂多变的国际形势下,我国对外工作取得了重大成就。我们同周边国家的睦领友好关系处于建国以来的最好时期,同广大发展中国家的团结合作进一步巩固和加强,同世界各国包括西方发达国家的关系在和平共处五项原则基础上得到了改善和发展。我国的国际影响不断扩大,国际地位不断提高。

The world today is in a historical period of great change. The bipolar structure has come to an end, forces are disintegrating and their elements are being realigned and the world is moving in the direction of multipolarization. The formation of a new structure will be a long and complex process. For a long time to come, it will be possible to secure a peaceful international environment and avert a new world war. At the same time, it should be pointed out that the current international situation remains turbulent. Contradictions everywhere are deepening, and in quite a few countries and regions ethnic contradictions, territorial disputes and religious conflicts have sharpened and have even led to bloodshed and local war. International economic competition has become increasingly intense. The economies of many developing countries have deteriorated even more, and the gap between North and South has further widened.

当今世界正处在大变动的历史时期。两极格局已经终结,各种力量重新分化组合,世界正朝着多极化方向发展。新格局的形成将是长期的、复杂的过程。在今后一个较长时期内,争取和平的国际环境,避免新的世界大战,是有可能的。同时也要看到,目前国际形势仍然动荡不安。世界各种矛盾在深入发展,不少国家和地区的民族矛盾、领土争端和宗教纷争突出起来,甚至酿成流血冲突和局部战争。国际经济竞争日趋激烈,许多发展中国家经济环境更加恶化,南北差距进一步扩大。

The questions of peace and development remain the two top priorities on the international agenda today. Development needs peace, and peace cannot be maintained without development. Hegemonism and power politics have all along constituted the main obstacles to peace and development. World development cannot be based for long on the poverty and backwardness of the great number of developing countries. The drastic changes and turmoil of the international situation have helped awaken the world’s people. Among the developing countries that have shared common experiences, the trend of safeguarding independence and sovereignty and seeking solidarity and cooperation is gaining momentum. The world needs peace, countries need to develop, society needs to progress, economies need to thrive and living standards need to improve. These have become the universal demands of the world’s peoples.

和平与发展仍然是当今世界两大主题。发展需要和平,和平离不开发展。霸权主义、强权政治的存在,始终是解决和平与发展问题的主要障碍。世界的发展也决不能长期建立在广大发展中国家贫穷落后的基础之上。国际形势的剧变和动荡促使世界人民进一步觉醒。具有共同历史遭遇的发展中国家维护独立主权、团结合作的趋势正在加强。世界要和平,国家要发展,社会要进步,经济要繁荣,生活要提高,已成为各国人民的普遍要求。

Faced with the new international situation, the Communist Party of China, the Chinese government and the Chinese people will continue to develop their relations with foreign countries, to seek a favourable international environment for China’s reform, opening up and modernization and to make their own contributions to world peace and development.

面对新的国际形势,中国共产党、中国政府和中国人民将继续积极发展对外关系,努力为我国的改革开放和现代化建设争取有利的国际环境,为世界的和平与发展做出自己的贡献。

China has consistently pursued an independent foreign policy of peace. The basic objectives of that policy are to safeguard our independence and sovereignty and to promote world peace and development. On questions involving our national interests and state sovereignty, we shall never yield to any outside pressure. China will always stand firm as a strong defender of world peace. It will not enter into alliance with any country or group of countries and will not join any military bloc. China will never seek hegemony and expansion; it is opposed to hegemonism, power politics, aggression and expansion in any form. China is against the arms race and stands for effective disarmament and arms control carried out in a fair, reasonable, comprehensive and balanced manner. Today, some countries are calling for disarmament too, but they have not, in effect, reduced the number of their sophisticated weapons. In handling international affairs, China abides strictly by the Charter of the United Nations and the acknowledged norms of international relations and adheres to the principled position of seeking truth from facts and upholding justice.

中国始终不渝地奉行独立自主的和平外交政策。维护我国的独立和主权,促进世界的和平与发展,是中国外交政策的基本目标。在涉及民族利益和国家主权的问题上,我们决不屈服于任何外来压力。中国是维护世界和平的坚定力量。中国不同任何国家或国家集团结盟,不参加任何军事集团。中国永远不称霸,永远不搞扩张,同时反对任何形式的霸权主义、强权政治和侵略扩张行为。中国反对军备竞赛,主张根据公正、合理、全面、均衡的原则,实行有效的裁军和军控。现在世界上有些国家也有谈裁军,但并没有真正裁减他们的尖端武器。在处理国际事务中,我国严格遵守联合国宪章和公认的国际关系准则,坚持实事求是和伸张正义的原则立场。

The nature of the new international order that is to be established is a question of great concern to the international community today. In view of past experience and present reality, we advocate the establishment of a peaceful, stable, just and rational new international order on the basis of the five principles of mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity, mutual nonaggression and non-interference in each other’s internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit and peaceful co-existence. Such a new order would include a new international economic order based on equality and mutual benefit. The world is diverse, and differences of all kinds exist among nations. The peoples of all countries are entitled to choose the social systems and paths of development that suit their specific conditions. All nations, big or small, strong or weak, rich or poor, should take part in international affairs as equal members of the international community. All nations should respect each other, seek common ground while putting aside differences, treat each other as equals, and live together in amity. The differences and disputes between nations should be resolved peacefully through negotiation, in compliance with the United Nations Charter and the norms of international law, and force or the threat of force should not be used. Hegemonism and power politics – that is, the monopoly and manipulation of international affairs by a few countries – will not be tolerated. The establishment of a new international order is a long-term undertaking, and the Chinese people, together with all other peoples of the world, will make unremitting efforts to accomplish it.

建立什么样的国际新秩序,是当前国际社会普遍关心的重大问题。根据历史经验和现实状况,我们主张在互相尊重主权和领土完整、互不侵犯、互不干涉内政、平等互利、和平共处等原则的基础上,建立和平、稳定、公正、合理的国际新秩序。这一新秩序包括建立平等互利的国际经济新秩序。世界是多样性的,各个国家之间存在着种种差异。各国人民都有权根据本国的具体情况,选择符合本国国情的社会制度和发展道路。国家无论大小、强弱、贫富,都应当作为国际社会的平等成员参与国际事务。国与国之间理应互相尊重,求同存异,平等相待,友好相处。国与国之间的分歧和争端,应当遵照联合国宪章和国际法准则,通过协商和平解决,不得诉诸武力和武力威胁。霸权主义和强权政治,少数几个国家垄断和操纵国际事务,是行不通的。建立国际新秩序是长期的任务,中国人民将同各国人民一道,为此作出不懈的努力。

As a member of the United Nations and a permanent member of the Security Council, China attaches great importance to the work of the United Nations and actively participates in it. We support the United Nations and the Security Council in their efforts to preserve world peace, promote disarmament, push forward global development and settle international disputes.

中国作为联合国成员国和安理会常任理事国,重视联合国的作用,积极参与联合国事务。我们支持联合国及其安理会在维护世界和平,推进裁军进程,促进全球发展,以及解决国际争端等方面发挥积极的作用。

China is a developing country. A key element of our foreign policy is to strengthen our solidarity and co-operation with other third world countries. China and the other developing countries will, as always, support each other in safeguarding their independence and sovereignty and will increase their economic and cultural exchanges. China has become an observer of the Non-Aligned Movement and has established close ties with the Group of 77 as well. We shall further strengthen our co-operation with them.

中国是发展中国家,加强同第三世界国家的团结与合作是我国对外政策的基本立足点,中国将一如既往地同发展中国家在维护各自国家的独立主权上相互支持,在经济、文化方面加强交流。中国已成为不结盟运动的观察员,同七十七国集团也建立了密切联系,今后将进一步加强同他们的合作。

China is willing to develop friendly relations and co-operation with all other countries on the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence. The differences in social systems and ideologies should not constitute obstacles to the development of relations between nations. In international contacts, China will never try to impose its social system or ideology on other countries, nor will China allow other countries to impose their social systems and ideologies on it. This is a principled position and it will never change.

中国愿意在和平共处五项原则的基础上,同所有国家发展友好合作关系。社会制度和意识形态的差别,不应成为发展国家关系的障碍。在国际交往中,我们绝不把自己的社会制度和意识形态强加于人,同样,也绝不允许别的国家将自己的社会制度和意识形态强加于中国。我们的这个原则立场,是绝不会改变的。

China is firmly determined to open to the outside world and is ready to increase its economic, scientific and technological co-operation with all countries on the basis of equality and mutual benefit and to promote exchange in the fields of culture, education, health and sports.

我们坚定不移地实行对外开放,愿意不断加强和扩大同世界各国在平等互利基础上的经济、科技合作,加强在文化、教育、卫生、体育等各个领域的交流。

The Communist Party of China values its relations with the political parties of other countries. It has already established ties of various sorts with political parties and organizations in more than 100 countries. We shall continue to develop friendly relations with such parties in accordance with the principles of independence, complete equality, mutual respect and non-interference in each other’s internal affairs and to increase mutual understanding and co-operation in the spirit of seeking common ground while putting aside differences.

中国共产党重视同各国政党的关系。现在,中国共产党已经同一百多个国家的许多政党和政治组织建立了不同形式的联系。我们将继续按照独立自主、完全平等、互相尊重、互不干涉内部事务的原则,同各国政党建立和发展友好关系,本着求同存异的精神,增进相互了解和合作。

The founding of the People’s Republic of China put an end to the Chinese people’s tragic history of suffering from long aggression, oppression and humiliation, and it fundamentally changed the situation of human rights in China. The people have become the masters of the country and have steadily built their own new life. The Constitution of our republic has given basic protection to all the people’s rights. China has acceded to a series of international conventions on human rights and agrees to the conduct of international dialogues on human rights on an equal footing. In the final analysis, the question of human rights is a matter within each country’s sovereignty; China is resolutely opposed to the use of human rights to interfere in other countries’ internal affairs.

中华人民共和国的成立,结束了中国各族人民长期受侵略、被压迫、遭凌辱的悲惨历史,人权状况得到了根本改善。人民成为国家的主人,不断创造着自己的新生活。我国的宪法从根本方面保障了人民的各种权利。中国参加了一系列有关人权的国际公约,赞成国际间就人权问题进行平等对话。人权问题说到底是属于一个国家主权范围的事,我们坚决反对利用人权问题干涉别国内政。

Historical experience has taught us that whenever, on any pretext, any country encroaches upon the independence and sovereignty of others and interferes in their internal affairs, or whenever any big, strong or rich country coerces, humiliates and intimidates countries that are small, weak or poor, it will be internationally condemned. Any country that overreaches itself or rides roughshod over others will be denounced by the peoples of the world. A just cause enjoys abundant support, while an unjust cause finds little. The forces championing a just cause are always invincible.

历史的经验告诉我们,不管打着什么旗号,只要是侵犯别国的独立主权,干涉别国的内政,以大欺小,以强凌弱,以富压贫,就不得人心。谁的手伸得太长,谁欺压别人,谁就会遭到世界人民的谴责和反对。得道多助,失道寡助,正义的力量终究是不可战胜的。

IV. Strengthening Party-Building and Improving Party Leadership

四、加强党的建设和改善党的领导

We must follow the basic line of the Party unswervingly for a long time to come; we must rapidly carry out the socialist reform, the opening to the outside world and the modernization programme; and we must maintain long-term stability and make our country prosperous and strong. The key to all this is our Party, a party armed with Comrade Deng Xiaoping’s theory of building socialism with Chinese characteristics.

党的基本路线要毫不动摇地长期坚持下去,社会主义的改革开放和现代化建设要搞得更好更快,国家要长治久安和繁荣富强,关键在于我们党,在于坚持用邓小平同志建设有中国特色社会主义的理论武装全党。

For more than seven decades the Communist Party of China has united the Chinese people of all nationalities and led them in a struggle to overcome all difficulties and hardships and make a fundamental change in their status, in the direction of Chinese history and in the image of Chinese society. Since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, it has led the people in an effort to create a new situation of reform, opening up and modernization in every field of endeavour. The great, glorious and correct Communist Party of China, which led the people to victory in the revolution, can also lead them to victory in the reform and in economic development. It would be absolutely wrong and harmful for anyone to doubt, weaken or negate the Party’s position in power and its leading role. In the new historical period there have been major changes in the environment in which our Party functions and in the tasks it undertakes. Ideologically, politically, organizationally and in terms of work style, it is faced with many new situations and problems. In light of the new realities and in compliance with the Party’s basic line, we must adhere to the principle that the Party handles Party affairs, being strict with its members, improving Party building and exercising more effective power and leadership. This will make it possible for our long-tested Marxist Party to function better as the force at the core providing leadership in the reform, the opening to the outside world and the drive for modernization.

七十多年来,中国共产党团结和带领全国各族人民,战胜种种艰难险阻,从根本上改变了中国人民的地位、中国历史的方向和中国社会的面貌。十一届三中全会以来,我们党领导人民全面开创了改革开放和现代化建设的新局面。伟大、光荣、正确的中国共产党,不仅能够领导革命取得胜利,而且能够领导改革和建设取得胜利。任何怀疑、削弱、否定党的执政地位和领导作用的观点与做法,都是根本错误和十分有害的。在新的历史时期,党所处的环境和肩负的任务有了很大变化,党的思想、政治、组织、作风建设都面临许多新情况和新问题。我们一定要结合新的实际,遵循党的基本路线,坚持党要管党和从严治党,加强和改进党的建设,努力提高党的执政水平和领导水平,使我们这个久经考验的马克思主义的党,在建设有中国特色社会主义的伟大事业中更好地发挥领导核心作用。

1. We should study the theory of building socialism with Chinese characteristics and increase our awareness of the need to firmly carry out the Party’s basic line.

第一,认真学习建设有中国特色社会主义的理论,增强贯彻执行党的基本路线的自觉性和坚定性。

Our Party is the vanguard of the working class, and Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought are the guides to our action. Marxism is a science that is deeply rooted in practice and developed through practice. The theory of building socialism with Chinese characteristics is the latest product of the integration of Marxism with Chinese reality. It is a Marxist theory for present-day China. It is a powerful ideological weapon that will enable us to fulfil our new historical mission. When we talk about the need to study Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought, we mean in essence the need to study that theory. Leading Party members, high-ranking cadres in particular, should be the first to study it and apply it in practice. We should try to understand Comrade Deng Xiaoping’s strategy, theories and viewpoints and to emulate his scientific approach in examining new situations and his creativity in solving new problems by applying the Marxist stand, viewpoint and method. We should learn the basic theories, integrate them with practice, and know how to use them effectively. We hope that through study, all our Party cadres will acquire a firm faith in socialism and communism, constantly raise their political level and their ability to solve practical problems, and transform their consciousness into tremendous material strength that will serve to accelerate the reform, the opening up and the drive for modernization.

我们党是以马克思列宁主义毛泽东思想作为指导思想的工人阶级先锋队。马克思主义是深深植根于实践并在实践中不断发展的科学。建设有中国特色社会主义的理论,是马克思主义同中国实际相结合的最新成果,是当代中国的马克思主义,是指引我们实现新的历史任务的强大思想武器。学习马克思列宁主义毛泽东思想,中心内容是学习建设有中国特色社会主义的理论。党员领导干部首先是高级干部要带头学好用好。要认真学习邓小平同志的战略思想和理论观点,认真学习他运用马克思主义立场、观点和方法研究新情况、解决新问题的科学态度和创造精神。学习要联系实际,要精,要管用。通过学习,使广大党员干部坚定社会主义、共产主义信念,不断提高政治素质和解决实际问题的能力,使精神力量变为加快改革开放和现代化建设的巨大物质力量。

Emancipating our minds and seeking truth from facts are the essence of the theory of building socialism with Chinese characteristics and a “magic weapon” guaranteeing that our Party will always be vigorous. The two precepts are identical. They mean that we should keep our understanding in line with current realities, that under the guidance of Marxism we should break the shackles of traditional conceptions and subjective prejudices and overcome our habit of following the beaten track and rejecting new things. We must not simply cling to certain Marxist principles, to a dogmatic interpretation of certain theories, to an unscientific or distorted understanding of socialism or to ideas that are wrong because in the primary stage of socialism they are premature. Instead, we must try to analyse and solve problems with the world outlook and methods of dialectical materialism and historical materialism, adapting our thinking to changing circumstances. In the course of reform and economic development, leading organs and leading cadres at all levels should integrate the Party’s line, principles and policies with the actual conditions in their localities or departments. They should courageously explore new ways, conduct bold experiments, frequently review their experience and seek creative solutions to problems.

解放思想,实事求是,是建设有中国特色社会主义理论的精髓,是保证我们党永葆蓬勃生机的法宝。解放思想同实事求是是统一的,就是要求我们的思想认识符合客观实际,在马克思主义指导下,冲破落后的传统观念和主观偏见的束缚,改变因循守旧、不接受新事物的精神状态。我们决不能停留在对马克思主义的某些原则、某些本本的教条式理解上,或者停留在对社会主义的一些不科学的甚至扭曲的认识上,或者停留在那些超越社会主义初级阶段的不正确的思想上,而必须用辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义的世界观、方法论去分析和解决问题,使思想适应发展变化的新形势。各级领导机关和领导干部要在改革和建设的实践中,把党的路线方针政策同本地区本部门的具体情况结合起来,勇于探索,大胆试验,及时总结经验,创造性地开展工作。

We should be keenly aware that because modern science and technology are progressing rapidly and the socialist market economy is constantly expanding, there are many new things we need to understand and become familiar with. All our Party comrades must regard it as an urgent, long-term task to learn through practice. We should study not only political affairs but also economic affairs, advanced techniques of production and management, and modern science and culture. We should work hard to gain professional proficiency and become skilled in our work.

必须清醒地看到,现代科学技术突飞猛进,社会主义市场经济不断发展,我们不懂得、不熟悉的东西很多。全党同志必须边实践边学习,把坚持学习作为紧迫而又长期的重要任务。不仅要抓紧学习政治,而且要抓紧学习经济,学习先进经营管理,学习现代科学文化,刻苦钻研业务,努力成为本职工作的内行和能手。

2. We must build strong leading bodies and train successors to the socialist cause.

第二,加强领导班子建设,培养社会主义事业接班人。

In accordance with the principle of making the contingent of cadres more revolutionary, younger, better educated and more competent, with both professional ability and political integrity, we must help make the leading bodies at every level staunch collectives that are devoted to Marxism and will resolutely follow the road to socialism with Chinese characteristics. This is of vital importance for guaranteeing the continuity of the Party’s line and the long-term peace and stability of the country. In judging the integrity and ability of cadres, we must look primarily at their performance in carrying out the Party’s basic line. We must appoint the right cadres to important posts. They should be persons who firmly carry out the basic line, who are highly revolutionary and enterprising and who have a strong sense of their responsibility to serve the people. They should have scored outstanding achievements in the reform, the opening up and the modernization drive and have gained the trust of the people. We must replace those cadres who are irresponsible, have proved incompetent or have abused their power for personal gain. Persons who think only of themselves or who merely crave official positions can never be assigned to important posts. In selecting cadres for promotion, we must follow democratic procedures and the mass line and act strictly in accordance with regulations, preventing or correcting unsound practices. Selecting a large number of fine young cadres to become leaders at different levels is currently a pressing and important task. To accomplish it we must break with the old notions of following seniority and seeking absolute perfection, widen the range of our search and open up new channels of advancement. We should take good care of young cadres and set high demands on them. We should make an effort to foster and promote women cadres and cadres from among the minority nationalities. We should continue the practice of transferring cadres from one job to another as appropriate. We should strictly enforce the cadre retirement system and continue to replace older cadres with younger ones while encouraging cooperation between them. We should take practical measures to show concern for retired cadres both politically and in terms of material benefits, giving them some work to do and making arrangements for them to enjoy their remaining years.

按照干部队伍革命化、年轻化、知识化、专业化的方针和德才兼备的原则,把各级领导班子建设成为忠诚于马克思主义、坚持走有中国特色社会主义道路的坚强领导集体,是保证党的路线的连续性和国家长治久安的根本大计。衡量干部的德和才,主要看在执行党的基本路线中的表现。对坚决执行党的基本路线,有高度革命事业心和为人民服务的强烈责任感,在改革开放和现代化建设中政绩突出、群众信任的干部,要委以重任。对不负责任、不胜任现职甚至以权谋私的干部,要果断地调整下来。对个人主义严重、伸手要官的人,决不能提拔重用。选拔任用干部要发扬民主,走群众路线,严格按规定程序办事,坚决防止和纠正用人问题上的不正之风。选拔大批优秀年轻干部进入各级领导班子,是当前一项紧迫而又重要的任务。要打破论资排辈、求全责备等陈旧观念,放开视野,拓宽渠道。对青年干部要热情爱护,严格要求。重视培养选拔妇女干部和少数民族干部。坚持实行干部交流。认真执行干部离退休制度,继续推进新老干部的交替与合作。要切实从政治上生活上关心离退休干部,使他们老有所为,安度晚年。

The consolidation and development of socialism will require one generation after another of hard, persistent, unyielding struggle. The responsibilities are heavy and the road is long; our hopes must be placed on the young. We must win the youth if we are to win the future. The Communist Youth League is the Party’s assistant and its reserve force; we must take full advantage of it to unite and educate young people. The whole Party and the whole society should be concerned about the healthy growth of our children and adolescents. In the process of reform and economic development, we must work hard to nurture tens of millions of successors to advance the socialist cause.

社会主义的巩固和发展,需要一代又一代人坚持不懈地努力奋斗。我们的事业任重道远,希望寄托在青年人身上。赢得青年,才能赢得未来。共青团是党的助手和后备军,要充分发挥团结和教育青年的作用。全党、全社会都要关心青少年的健康成长,在改革和建设的实践中努力造就千百万社会主义事业接班人。

In the course of our socialist modernization, attempts to bring about a peaceful evolution toward capitalism and the struggle against those attempts will continue for a long time, so we cannot let down our guard. Senior Party cadres, in particular, must always bear this in mind.

在社会主义现代化建设过程中,和平演变与反和平演变的斗争将长期存在,决不能放松警惕。特别是党的高级干部要保持清醒的头脑。

3. The Party should maintain close ties with the masses and resolutely eliminate corruption.

第三,密切党同群众的联系,坚决克服消极腐败现象。

The people are the source of our strength, and their support is the basis of our success. The Party’s basic line, principles and policies adopted since the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee conform to the interests of the people, and the Party has maintained basically good relations with the people. But at the same time, we must recognize that some leading comrades are still bureaucratic or formalistic or show other failings in their work, and that a few Party cadres violate the law and discipline. This has seriously tarnished the reputation of the Party and damaged its relations with the people. Every Party member should remember that at all times and under all circumstances he must serve the people wholeheartedly and keep to a good work style, integrating theory with practice, maintaining close ties with the masses and making self-criticisms. Leading bodies and leading cadres at all levels should go down to the grassroots units, investigating and studying matters at first hand, so as to get to know the wishes of the people, help alleviate their hardships and take heed of their criticisms. They should also reduce the number of meetings they hold and documents they issue, emphasizing instead practical work for practical results. In this way they will be able to advance the fundamental aims of the Party, maintain a good work style and follow the mass line in practice. The Party should improve its leadership of the trade unions, the Communist Youth League, the women’s federations and other mass organizations and encourage them to serve as a bridge linking the Party with the masses.

人民群众是我们的力量源泉和胜利之本。十一届三中全会以来,党的基本路线和方针政策符合人民利益,从根本上说党同群众的关系是好的。同时必须看到,当前领导工作中存在的官僚主义、形式主义等不良作风和少数党员干部的违法乱纪行为,严重败坏党的声誉,危害党群关系。每个党员都要牢记,在任何时侯、任何情况下,都必须全心全意为人民服务,坚持理论联系实际、密切联系群众和自我批评的优良作风。各级领导机关和领导干部要深入基层,调查研究,体察群众意愿,关心群众疾苦,听取群众批评,精减会议和文件,办实事,求实效,把党的根本宗旨、优良作风和群众路线落实到实际行动中去。加强和改善党对工会、共青团、妇联等群众组织的领导,充分发挥他们作为党联系群众的桥梁和纽带作用。

The fight against corruption is crucial to the maintenance of close ties between the Party and the people. We should all recognize that this is an urgent, long-term and arduous struggle. Throughout the course of the reform and the opening to the outside world, we must combat corruption and make determined efforts to improve the Party’s work style and to build clean government. If we want to win the people’s confidence, we must be successful in this. Leading bodies and leading cadres at all levels should set an example by performing their official duties honestly and diligently for the people. Leading Party cadres, high-and middle-ranking ones in particular, should be strict with themselves, set a good example, teach their children to do the same and take the lead in combatting corruption. To build clean government we should rely on education, and especially on the legal system. Party organizations and discipline inspection organs at all levels should exercise strict supervision over Party cadres. We should also encourage the people, the democratic parties and persons without party affiliation to do the same. For this purpose, we should institute a system under which people both inside and outside the Party can supervise it, with Party members doing so either from the top down or from the bottom up. In particular, we should take effective measures to prevent law enforcement departments and cadres who are responsible for assigning personnel and distributing financial and material resources from abusing their power for personal gain and from perpetuating other undesirable practices. Persons who are corrupt damage the Party and harm the people, so they must be punished in accordance with the rules of Party discipline and the laws of the state.

坚持反腐败斗争,是密切党同人民群众联系的重大问题。要充分认识这个斗争的紧迫性、长期性和艰巨性。在改革开放的整个过程中都要反腐败,把端正党风和加强廉政建设作为一件大事,下决心抓出成效,取信于民。廉洁奉公,勤政为民,要从各级领导机关和领导干部做起。党员领导干部首先是高中级干部,要严以律己,以身作则,教育好子女,并且带头同腐败现象斗争。廉政建设要靠教育,更要靠法制。要切实加强各级党组织和纪律检查机关对党员干部的监督,加强人民群众、各民主党派和无党派人士对我们党的监督,建立健全党内和党外、自上而下和自下而上相结合的监督制度。特别要在执法部门和直接掌握人、财、物的岗位,建立有效防范以权谋私和行业不正之风的约束机制。腐败分子危害党和人民,不论是什么人,都必须依照党纪国法,坚决予以惩处。

4. We should strengthen primary Party organizations and encourage Party members to play an exemplary, vanguard role.

第四,加强基层党组织建设,充分发挥党员的先锋模范作用。

The primary Party organizations are the locus of all the Party’s work and the base of its fighting capacity. Party committees at all levels should try to turn those organizations into a powerful force that can unite with the masses and lead them in reform and socialist construction. In rural areas, we should make a greater success of building village-level organizations with Party branches as the nuclei. In state-owned enterprises Party organizations should likewise be the political nuclei. They should continue to improve the system under which the factory director assumes full responsibility and to rely wholeheartedly on the working class. Other economic organizations should proceed from their own conditions and lose no time in establishing Party organizations and drawing up rules to govern their work. In addition, the primary Party organizations in government departments, schools, research institutes and urban neighbourhoods should strengthen themselves as necessary. We should make a particular effort to draw into the Party excellent workers, farmers and intellectuals who are working in the forefront of production. Some primary Party organizations are weak at present, so Party committees at the next higher level should send cadres there to help consolidate them.

党的基层组织是党的全部工作和战斗力的基础。各级党委要采取得力措施,努力把基层党组织建设成为团结和带领群众进行改革和建设的战斗堡垒。农村要进一步搞好以党支部为核心的村级组织建设。全民所有制企业要充分发挥党组织的政治核心作用,坚持和完善厂长负责制,全心全意依靠工人阶级。在其他各种经济组织中,也要从实际出发,抓紧建立健全党的组织和工作制度。机关、学校、科研院所、街道等基层党组织,都要根据自己的特点,加强和改进自身建设。要十分注意把生产第一线的工人、农民、知识分子中的优秀分子吸收到党内来。现在有一部分基层党组织软弱无力,上级党委要派出专门力量帮助整顿。

The new historical period places new demands on Party members to set an example. It is therefore essential to educate and supervise them more effectively, increase their ability and cultivate their Party spirit. Our goal is that, as advanced elements, they should faithfully carry out the Party’s basic line, devote themselves to the reform, the opening up and the modernization drive, work heart and soul for the interests of the people and, together with them, contribute to economic development and social progress. All Party members should be urged to emancipate their minds, emphasize reform and innovation, respect science and do practical work. They should take into consideration the situation as a whole, unite and coordinate their efforts, be modest and prudent, learn from the advanced and work hard to make contributions and attain goals without considering their own interests. In this way, Party members can fully play a vanguard role in promoting both material progress and ideological and cultural progress.

在新的历史时期,对共产党员的模范作用应该有新的要求。切实加强和改进对党员的教育和管理,提高素质,增强党性,使党员成为坚决贯彻执行党的基本路线,献身改革开放和现代化事业,诚心诚意为人民谋利益,带领群众为经济发展和社会进步做出实绩的先进分子。在全党大力提倡解放思想、改革创新的精神,尊重科学、真抓实干的精神,顾全大局、团结协作的精神,谦虚谨慎、崇尚先进的精神,艰苦奋斗、无私奉献的精神,把共产党人的先进性在社会主义物质文明和精神文明建设中充分发挥出来。

5. We should uphold and improve the system of democratic centralism and safeguard Party solidarity and unity.

第五,坚持和健全民主集中制,维护党的团结和统一。

Modernization, reform and opening to the outside world are Herculean undertakings. Only by combining centralism based on democracy with democracy under centralized guidance can we enable all Party organizations and all Party members to take the initiative and demonstrate their creativity. Only by so doing can we pool the wisdom of the entire membership, guarantee that the Party’s policy decisions will be correct and carried out effectively and make sure that it will tighten its discipline, increase its fighting capacity and advance our cause. We should enhance inner-Party democracy and institute more systems as necessary to protect the democratic rights of all Party organizations and members. Channels for inner-Party democracy must be cleared and widened, so that Party organizations will be promptly informed of the opinions, suggestions and criticisms of the members. In inner-Party activities we should carry on the fine tradition of speaking the truth and matching our deeds to our words. We should also encourage Party members to express their views, and we should protect their right to do so, as set forth in the Party Constitution. We must identify and deal with anyone who infringes upon the democratic rights of Party members, suppresses criticism, retaliates against those who dare to criticize or tries to frame others. Party committees at all levels must maintain and strengthen the Party’s collective leadership. If a Party member has differing views, he may preserve them, but he must abide by the decisions made by the collective. We must see to it that the organizational principle of the Party is adhered to – the principle that individual Party members are subordinate to the organization, that the minority is subordinate to the majority, that the lower Party organizations are subordinate to the higher ones and that all the constituent organizations and members of the Party are subordinate to the National Congress and the Central Committee. We must not tolerate liberalism or any defiance of organization and discipline, such as going one’s own way in disregard of orders and prohibitions. We must tighten Party discipline and keep a constant watch on the way it is maintained. All Party members are equal before Party discipline; anyone who violates it must be subject to disciplinary measures. Our objective is, as always, to create a political situation in which there is both centralism and democracy, both discipline and freedom, both unity of will and a relaxed and lively atmosphere.

现代化建设和改革开放是极其宏伟艰巨的事业。只有实行民主基础上的集中和集中指导下的民主相结合,才能充分发挥各级党组织和广大党员的积极性创造性,集中全党智慧,保证党的决策的正确和有效实施,增强党的纪律和战斗力,使我们的事业顺利前进。要进一步发扬党内民主,加强制度建设,切实保障各级党组织和党员的民主权利。疏通和拓宽党内民主渠道,使党员的意见、建议、批评能够及时准确地反映上来。在党内生活中发扬讲真话不讲假话、言行一致的优良作风,支持和保护党员依据党章规定的权利发表意见。对侵犯党员民主权利,压制党员批评,进行打击报复或诬告陷害的人和事,要认真查处。各级党委必须坚持和健全集体领导制度。个人有不同意见,允许保留,但必须服从和执行集体的决定。坚持党员个人服从党的组织、少数服从多数、下级组织服从上级组织、全党各级组织和全体党员服从党的全国代表大会和中央委员会的组织原则。反对自由主义,反对无组织无纪律、有令不行、有禁不止、各行其是的行为。加强党的纪律和纪律检查工作。党员在党的纪律面前人人平等,任何人违犯党的纪律,都必须给以应有的处理。我们的目标,仍然是努力造成又有集中又有民主,又有纪律又有自由,又有统一意志、又有个人心情舒畅、生动活泼,那样一种政治局面。

The Party’s unity is its life. At this critical time when we need to speed up the reform, the opening to the outside and the modernization drive, it is particularly important for the comrades of the entire Party to close ranks on the basis of the Party’s basic line. Every Party member, especially every leading cadre, should conscientiously work to safeguard Party unity and the authority of the Central Committee. They should all be in agreement with the Central Committee on ideological and political matters. We must never permit anyone to attempt to undermine and split the Party. Both central and local Party committees should hold democratic meetings regularly. Members of leading groups should trust, support and understand each other and engage in criticism and self-criticism. They should co-operate with each other to make their work a success. Leading cadres at all levels should set a good example by adhering to principle, observing strict discipline, protecting the interests of the Party as a whole and strengthening unity. So long as the Party remains vigorous and united in struggle, our cause will surely triumph.

党的团结是党的生命。在加快改革开放和现代化建设的关键时期,尤其需要全党同志在基本路线的基础上加强团结。每个党员特别是领导干部,都要自觉维护党的团结和中央的权威,在思想上政治上同中央保持一致。决不允许有任何破坏和分裂党的行为存在。从中央到地方各级党委,都要认真实行党的生活会制度。领导班子内部,要树立互相信任、互相支持、互相谅解和批评与自我批评的良好风气,齐心协力地做好工作。各级领导干部要带头做坚持原则、严守纪律、维护大局、加强团结的模范。全党朝气蓬勃,团结奋斗,我们的事业就有了胜利的保证。

To strengthen Party building and improve Party leadership, the 13th Central Committee presents for the examination and deliberation of this National Congress the draft of a revised Constitution of the Communist Party of China. This draft includes in the Constitution the theory of building socialism with Chinese characteristics and the Party’s basic line. This is of great importance to ensure that there is unity of understanding and action throughout the Party and that we continue to advance along the path to socialism with Chinese characteristics.

为了加强党的建设和改善党的领导,十三届中央委员会提出了《中国共产党章程(修正案)》,请代表大会审议。修正案把建设有中国特色社会主义的理论和党的基本路线的内容写进党章,这对于统一全党的思想和行动,坚持沿着有中国特色社会主义的道路前进,具有十分重要的意义。

Since it was founded ten years ago, the Central Advisory Commission has done much fruitful work. It has helped the Central Committee to preserve Party unity and social stability and to promote the reform, the opening up and the modernization drive, thus making historic contributions to the Party, the state and the people. The Central Advisory Commission now presents to this National Congress a proposal that the commission be abolished as of this congress.

中央顾问委员会成立十年来,协助党中央为维护党的团结和社会稳定,推进改革开放和现代化建设,做了大量卓有成效的工作,为党、国家和人民建立了新的历史性功绩。中央顾问委员会向这次代表大会建议,从十四大起不再设立中央顾问委员会。

Comrades! To accomplish the reunification of the motherland is in the fundamental interest of the Chinese nation, and it is the common aspiration of the entire Chinese people, including our compatriots in Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macao and those residing overseas. We shall work steadfastly for the great cause, adhering to the principles of peaceful reunification and “one country, two systems”. The Chinese government will continue to co-operate with the British and Portuguese governments to ensure that the transfer of power in Hong Kong and Macao proceeds smoothly and that the two regions enjoy long-term stability and prosperity. Taiwan is an integral part of the sacred territory of China. We resolutely oppose in any form the notion “two Chinas,” “one China, one Taiwan,” “one country, two governments” and any acts aimed at bringing about the independence of Taiwan. We shall continue to work for direct links for postal, air, and shipping services and trade between the two sides of the Taiwan Straits and to promote people-to-people exchanges and co-operation in various fields. In particular, we shall work for greatly expanded economic co-operation between the two sides in an effort to revitalize the economy of the whole nation. We reiterate that the Chinese Communist Party is ready to establish contact with the Chinese Kuomintang at the earliest possible date to create conditions for talks on officially ending the state of hostility between the two sides of the Taiwan Straits and gradually realizing peaceful reunification. Representatives from other parties, mass organizations and all circles on both sides of the Taiwan Straits could be invited to join in such talks. On the premise that there is only one China, we are prepared to talk with the Taiwan authorities about any matter, including the form that official negotiations should take, a form that would be acceptable to both sides. We hope that the Taiwan authorities will comply with the wishes of the people and help remove the artificial obstacles to the reunification of the motherland, so as to make it possible for relations between the two sides to enter a new stage of development.

同志们!完成祖国统一大业,是中华民族的根本利益所在,是全中国人民包括台湾同胞、港澳同胞和海外侨胞的共同愿望。我们坚定不移地按照“和平统一、一国两制”的方针,积极促进祖国统一。我国政府将继续加强与英国、葡萄牙两国政府的合作,使香港和澳门平稳过渡,保持长期稳定和繁荣。台湾是中国神圣领土不可分割的一部分。我们坚决反对任何形式的“两个中国”、“一中一台”或“一国两府”,坚决反对任何旨在制造台湾独立的企图和行动。我们将继续促进两岸直接通邮、通航、通商,推动两岸人民的往来和各个领域的交流合作,特别是大力发展两岸经济合作,共同振兴民族经济。我们再次重申,中国共产党愿意同中国国民党尽早接触,以便创造条件,就正式结束两岸敌对状态、逐步实现和平统一进行谈判。在商谈中,可以吸收两岸其他政党、团体和各界有代表性的人士参加。在一个中国的前提下,什么问题都可以谈,包括就两岸正式谈判的方式问题同台湾方面进行讨论,找到双方都认为合适的办法。希望台湾当局顺应民心,消除阻挠祖国统一的人为障碍,使两岸关系有一个新的发展。

Comrades! Socialism is a completely new social system in the history of mankind. It is bound to replace capitalism – that is the general trend of social and historical development. Any new social system, as it is born, consolidated and developed, inevitably follows a zigzag course involving a succession of struggles and sacrifices, of victories and defeats. Communists and the people in general will surely be tempered in this process and draw lessons from it, pushing socialism in the right direction. Thanks to the united efforts of all the Party comrades and the people of all our nationalities, socialism is flourishing in China. China is a huge country with 1.1 billion people, and the Chinese Communist Party is a great party with 50 million members. There is no doubt that the vigorous development of socialism with Chinese characteristics will make an important contribution to socialism and to human progress worldwide.

同志们!社会主义是人类历史上全新的社会制度,它必然代替资本主义,这是社会历史发展的总趋势。任何新兴社会制度的产生、巩固和发展,必然是充满牺牲奋斗,交织着成功和失败的曲折过程。共产党人和人民群众一定会从中经受锻炼,汲取经验教训,促使社会主义向着更加健康的方向发展。在我国,经过全党同志、全国各族人民团结奋斗,社会主义事业欣欣向荣。中国是拥有十一亿人口的大国,中国共产党是拥有五千万党员的大党。有中国特色的社会主义事业蓬勃发展,必将对世界社会主义事业和人类进步事业做出重大贡献。

The period between now and the middle of the next century will be a most important and precious time for making our country prosperous and for advancing socialism. We have difficult tasks to accomplish, and we bear grave responsibilities. In the 1990s we must establish a preliminary new economic structure and attain the objective of the second stage of development: a relatively comfortable level of life for all our people. In another 20 years, when we mark the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Party, a whole set of more mature and complete management systems will have taken shape in every field of work. Thus, in the middle of the next century, when we celebrate the 100th anniversary of the founding of the People’s Republic of China, we shall have attained the objective of the third stage: the basic realization of socialist modernization. The comrades of the whole Party and the people of all our nationalities must unite more closely under the leadership of the Central Committee. Sharing weal and woe, and with all hearts beating as one, we must hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics and forge ahead courageously toward the magnificent goal!

从现在起到下个世纪中叶,对于祖国的繁荣昌盛和社会主义事业的兴旺发达,是很重要很宝贵的时期。我们的担子重,责任大。在九十年代,我们要初步建立起新的经济体制,实现达到小康水平的第二步发展目标。再经过二十年的努力,到建党一百周年的时侯,我们将在各方面形成一整套更加成熟更加定型的制度。在这样的基础上,到下世纪中叶建国一百周年的时侯,就能够达到第三步发展目标,基本实现社会主义现代化。全党同志和全国各族人民,在党中央领导下更加紧密地团结起来,同呼吸、共命运、心连心,高举建设有中国特色社会主义的伟大旗帜,朝着宏伟的目标奋勇前进!

To top

Cite This Page

中国共产党中央委员会 (Central Committee of the CCP). "Accelerating the Reform, the Opening to the Outside World and the Drive for Modernization, so as to Achieve Greater Successes in Building Socialism With Chinese Characteristics [加快改革开放和现代化建设步伐,夺取有中国特色社会主义事业的更大胜利]". CSIS Interpret: China, original work published in Xinhua News Agency [新华社], October 12, 1992

FacebookTwitterLinkedInEmailPrintCopy Link