The most important reasons for Arab countries to apply to join the BRICS is to try to reach an Arab consensus by changing the international system and transforming it into a “multipolar” system, and to activate the balancing role that Arab countries have on the international stage. In addition to repositioning the energy field, especially within the framework of the “OPEC+” group, they are simultaneously striving to balance relations with the major powers of the East and West in the process of the diversification of economic and political relations among Arab countries.
阿拉伯国家申请加入金砖国家最重要的原因是：试图通过改变国际体系并将其转变为“多极”体系从而达成阿拉伯共识，以及在国际舞台上激活阿拉伯国家的平衡作用，除在能源领域重新定位，特别是在“欧佩克+”集团的框架内，同时在阿拉伯国家经济和政治关系多样化的过程中，努力平衡与东西方主要大国的关系。
A milestone in the trend of diversification
多元化趋势的里程碑
Arab Wall, an influential think tank in the Arab world, published a commentary on August 27 stating that, at the BRICS Summit in Johannesburg, South African President Cyril Ramaphosa confirmed that the BRICS organization would strengthen its ranks by adding “six” new countries, including “three” Arab states: the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Saudi Arabia, and Egypt. According to Brazilian President Lula da Silva, starting from January 1, 2024, the addition of these new members will strengthen the group in terms of purchasing power parity. These new members “will enlarge the BRICS share of global GDP from about 32% to 37%.”
阿拉伯世界颇有影响力的智库《阿拉伯之墙》8月27日刊发评论文章指出，南非总统西里尔·拉马福萨（Cyril Ramaphosa）在约翰内斯堡举行的金砖国家峰会上确认，金砖国家组织通过扩员“六个”新国家来加强其队伍，其中包括“三个”阿拉伯国家：阿联酋、沙特阿拉伯和埃及。根据巴西总统卢拉·达席尔瓦的说法，自2024年1月1日起，按购买力平价计算，增加上述新成员将增强该集团实力，这些新成员“将使金砖国家在全球GDP中的份额从约32%增加到37%”。
The accession of three Arab countries to the BRICS is an important milestone for the organization, giving it a major role in changing the balance of economic power on the world stage. The accession of Saudi Arabia, the UAE, and Iran gives BRICS countries more say in oil and natural gas, while adding technological advantages in the development of the rare earth industry. In addition, the three Arab countries (the UAE, Saudi Arabia, and Egypt) can become candidates for the production and export of clean energy in the coming decades. These clean energy sources will give a competitive edge to BRICS countries over others that rely on fossil fuels.
三个阿拉伯国家加入金砖国家，是该组织的一个重要里程碑，使其在世界舞台上改变经济力量平衡方面起到重要作用。沙特，阿联酋和伊朗的加入，使金砖国家在石油和天然气方面拥有更多话语权，同时在稀土工业开发方面增加了技术优势。此外，三个阿拉伯国家（阿联酋、沙特和埃及）可以在未来几十年，成为清洁能源生产和出口的候选国，与其它化石燃料相比，这些清洁能源将为金砖国家增加竞争力。
Motivation to join
加入动机
There are many reasons why Arab countries seek to join the BRICS, the most important of which are the following:
阿拉伯国家寻求加入金砖国家的原因有很多，其中最重要的原因如下：
1. There is compatibility between Arab countries’ desire to join the BRICS and their attempts to change the international system. Through the continuous attempts of Russia, China, and other countries, the world order is rapidly transforming from a unipolar system led by the United States to a multipolar system. Today, Arab countries can transform, leaving behind their uniform identity as just oil and gas exporters and leveraging the BRICS organization to become Arab states with other significant advantages. It is worth noting that the requests of Arab countries to join BRICS are seen as a trend toward the “East.” BRICS seeks a clear goal, namely, “establishing a world order different from the current order.” China, which accounts for 70% of the BRICS GDP, is helping to shift the economic center of gravity to this part of the world by proposing a new economic strategy.
1、阿拉伯国家加入金砖国家的愿望与改变国际体系企图之间有兼容性。通过俄罗斯、中国和其他国家不断的尝试，世界秩序正在迅速从美国领导的单极向多极体系转变，今天可以把阿拉伯国家从仅仅是石油和天然气出口国这单一身份，借力金砖国家组织变成具有其他显著优势的阿拉伯国家。值得注意的是，阿拉伯国家要求加入金砖国家被认为是一种转向“东方”的趋向，金砖国家寻求一个明确的目标，即从“建立不同于当前秩序的世界秩序”的角度来看，占金砖国家GDP 70%的中国通过提出新的经济战略，有助于将经济重心转移到世界这一地区。
2. Activate the flexible balancing role of Arabs on the international stage: The Arab countries applying to join the BRICS hope to implement a “flexible balancing” strategy among major international powers by having Arabs move eastward and join active organizations in Asia and Eurasia, such as the BRICS and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. However, all this does not mean moving away from traditional strategic allies as represented by the United States and its European allies.
2、在国际舞台上激活阿拉伯弹性平衡作用：申请加入金砖国家的阿拉伯国家希望在主要国际大国之间实施“灵活平衡”战略，以便阿拉伯向东，加入亚洲和欧亚领域的活跃组织，如金砖国家，上合组织，但这一切并不意味着远离以美国及其欧洲盟国为代表的传统战略盟友。
In particular, in anticipation of any political or economic changes, the characteristics of the strategies of Arab countries [will change]. For example, the impact of the Russia-Ukraine conflict produced changes in various fields such as economics, trade, and security. The countries that represent the center of gravity in the region seem to need to diversify their strategic allies in the region in order to achieve balance in the field of international relations.
特别是，在预期任何政治或经济变化时，阿拉伯国家战略的特点，例如俄乌冲突的影响中出现的变化，在经济、贸易、安全等多个领域。那些代表该地区重心的国家，似乎需要在该地区建立战略盟友多元化，以实现国际关系领域的某种平衡。
3. Diversification of international economic and political relations: Many advantages will be gained as Arab countries gain recognition as members of the BRICS bloc. Although these countries have different national conditions, most of them have common economic needs. On the one hand, Arab states, especially the Gulf states, are seeking to diversify their economic and political relations by pursuing new investment partnerships, especially with China. At the same time, in addition to coordination within the “OPEC+” group, they seek to establish close cooperation with Russia in the energy market.
3、国际经济和政治关系的多元化：由于阿拉伯国家将获得加入金砖国家集团的认可，因此将获得许多好处，这些国家虽国情各异，但大多数都有经济需求。一方面，阿拉伯国家，特别是海湾国家，正在寻求通过寻求新的投资伙伴关系，特别是与中国的投资伙伴关系，使其经济和政治关系多样化。同时，除了通过“欧佩克+”集团内部的协调，在能源市场上寻求与俄罗斯建立密切合作。
On the other hand, they are seeking a balance in economic relations. Here, the obvious example is Egypt, which seeks to achieve two goals: First, to move into the future in a strategic and clear-eyed manner in cooperation with “new allies” representing a diverse and powerful economic bloc. Second, to rely on alliances with “multipolar” forces to reduce pressure from the West, at least in terms of economics and finances.
另一方面，寻求经济关系的平衡，也许这里明显的例子是埃及，它寻求实现两个目标：首先，在与代表多元化和强大经济集团的“新盟友”合作中，以战略眼光走向未来。第二个目标是依靠与“多极”力量的结盟，至少在经济和财政上，减轻来自西方的压力。
4. Restructuring the energy market: BRICS, with its enormous capacity to control a large part of the global energy market in terms of production and even consumption, especially after the accession of the UAE and Saudi Arabia, has also enabled member countries to play an important role in the restructuring of the global energy market.
4、能源领域的重新定位：金砖国家组织凭借其巨大的能力，可以在生产甚至消费方面控制全球大部分能源市场，尤其是在阿联酋和沙特加入之后，它还使该组织国家在全球能源市场的重新定位中占有重要地位。
Specifically, the new members Saudi Arabia and the UAE are major global oil producers, while China and India are major global oil consumers. Russia, an original member of BRICS, UAE and Saudi Arabia hold a pivotal position in global oil production. At the same time, Russia and new member Iran are also among the top global producers of natural gas.
具体而言，新加入的沙特和阿联酋是世界主要石油生产国，而中国和印度是世界主要石油消费国。金砖组织原有俄罗斯和新加入的阿联酋、沙特在全球石油生产中将占有举足轻重的地位。同时，俄罗斯和新加入的伊朗在全球天然气生产中也是名列前茅。
In addition, according to an analysis by the Dutch bank ING on August 20, BRICS will also benefit from the membership of oil and gas exporting countries, specifically Saudi Arabia, the UAE, and Iran. This is because membership signals tacit alignment with the bloc’s attempts to deepen “trends” around the use of currencies other than the U.S. dollar in oil trading and the siege of the U.S. dollar’s dominance in global trade.
此外，根据荷兰银行“ING”的分析，8月20日，金砖国家组织还将受益于石油和天然气出口国的成员资格，即沙特，阿联酋和伊朗。因为其成员资格与该组织试图深化关于在石油贸易中使用美元以外的货币，以及围攻美元在全球贸易中主导地位的“趋势”的想法是心照不宣的。
Dual Hopes
双重愿望
Against this background, as many countries are expressing interest in joining BRICS, it can be said that the organization is expected to become a player in global governance, especially given the potential diversity of countries seeking to join. While this is a matter of Arab interest, Arab states do not, however, seem to see their future participation in BRICS as being incompatible with their participation in other (regional or global) economic blocs.
在这种背景下，随着许多国家表示有兴趣加入金砖国家，可以说金砖国家有望成为全球治理参与者，特别是考虑到寻求加入的国家具有的潜力多样性。虽然这属于阿拉伯利益的考虑，然而，阿拉伯国家似乎并不认为它们未来参与金砖国家与它们在参与其他（区域或全球）经济集团中存在矛盾。
Nonetheless, it is clear that the Arab focus is on benefiting from the common goal of the BRICS countries to establish a multipolar world order, especially in the wake of developments at the global level, specifically in the context of the impact of the Russia-Ukraine conflict and the subsequent schism in international relations. Perhaps most importantly, a situation of “dual hopes” has emerged between the BRICS countries on the one hand and the Arab countries joining BRICS on the other, wherein both parties wish to jointly benefit from this accession, especially in the economic field.
尽管如此，很明显，阿拉伯的重点是从金砖国家的公共目标中受益，即建立一个多极世界秩序，特别是在全球层面事态发展之后，特别是在俄乌冲突的影响以及随后导致的国际关系分裂的背景下。也许最重要的是，一方面是金砖国家，另一方面是加入金砖国家的阿拉伯国家之间出现了“双重愿望”，即共同受益于这一加入，特别是在经济领域。