Translation Tag: foreign policy
Zhou Zhiwei, a researcher at the Institute of Latin American Studies of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, analyzes the impacts of U.S. policy in Latin America, positing that the United States has adopted a more interventionist and aggressive approach under President Trump’s second term, which conflicts with Latin American countries’ core interests in security and development. He argues that U.S. policy in the region has led to increased political, economic, and regional security risks. Zhou concludes that the aggressive U.S. approach to the region may result in short-term gains, but the “new Monroe Doctrine” under Trump will ultimately lead to an increase in anti-American sentiment and strategic autonomy of Latin American countries as they reject U.S. influence.
This is one of six pieces published by the journal of Contemporary International Relations following an academic seminar titled “U.S. Military Action Against Venezuela and Its Impacts.” The other five pieces are also available on the Interpret: China platform. The journal is published by the China Institutes of Contemporary International Relations (CICIR), a Chinese think tank affiliated with the Ministry of State Security.
Yang Shouguo, a scholar with the China Institutes of Contemporary International Relations, which is a bureau of the Ministry of State Security, outlines the implementation of the “Donroe Doctrine” under President Trump’s second term, contending that the approach is characterized by a prioritization of the Western Hemisphere and desire for absolute control over the region. He argues the “Donroe Doctrine” marks a shift from conducting interference under the banner of “American rules and values” to coercive control based on “force and power.” observing the doctrine also links U.S. domestic priorities with Latin America and incorporates new policy tools. Yang posits that, within this context, Latin American countries will face dual pressures of maintaining autonomy and navigating great power competition.
This is one of six pieces published by the journal of Contemporary International Relations following an academic seminar titled “U.S. Military Action Against Venezuela and Its Impacts.” The other five pieces are also available on the Interpret: China platform. The journal is published by the China Institutes of Contemporary International Relations (CICIR), a Chinese think tank affiliated with the Ministry of State Security.
Xu Shuai, a professor at the People’s Liberation Army National Defense University in Beijing, offers a detailed description of the U.S. military operation that captured Venezuelan president Nicolás Maduro and his wife from their heavily fortified residence. Calling this operation a “lightning strike,” Xu elaborates on four aspects of the U.S. military tactics that enabled it and assesses Venezuelan intelligence and military blunders before and during the operation. He concludes by naming several “strategic errors” that the United States committed despite its operational success.
This is one of six pieces published by the journal of Contemporary International Relations following an academic seminar titled “U.S. Military Action Against Venezuela and Its Impacts.” The other five pieces are also available on the Interpret: China platform. The journal is published by the China Institutes of Contemporary International Relations (CICIR), a Chinese think tank affiliated with the Ministry of State Security.
Fan Jishe, a professor at the Central Party School of the Communist Party of China, writes that President Trump has elevated the Western Hemisphere to the top position in his national security strategy. Fan argues the United States is therefore preparing to “retreat” from the Middle East and Europe and “consolidate” its position in the Americas. Fan argues that Venezuela is the focal point on which U.S. domestic and regional policy agendas intersect, and that the United States’ 2026 military action against Venezuela was intended to advance the U.S. position in the great power strategic competition between the United States and China.
This is one of six pieces published by the journal of Contemporary International Relations following an academic seminar titled “U.S. Military Action Against Venezuela and Its Impacts.” The other five pieces are also available on the Interpret: China platform. The journal is published by the China Institutes of Contemporary International Relations (CICIR), a Chinese think tank affiliated with the Ministry of State Security.
Zhou Zhiwei, a researcher at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, traces the evolution of the U.S. Monroe Doctrine and examines its implications for contemporary China-Latin America relations. He argues that while the doctrine initially emphasized mutual non-interference, it has evolved into a tool of U.S. hegemony centered on security, dominance, and alliance building in the Western Hemisphere. He contends that in his second term, Trump has employed a coercive, securitized application of the doctrine, increasing pressure on Latin America and seeking to constrain China-Latin America cooperation. Despite these challenges, Zhou concludes that China-Latin America cooperation will continue to expand due to Latin America’s growing autonomy, economic complementarity with China, and the shared interests of the Global South.
This is one of five pieces published by the Journal of Latin American Studies as part of a compendium titled “The ‘New Monroe Doctrine’ and China-U.S.-Latin America Relations.” The other four pieces are also available on the Interpret: China platform.
Two researchers at the China Institutes of Contemporary International Relations (CICIR) argue that recent discussions of China-Latin America relations in U.S. academic and strategic communities have increasingly promoted negative narratives related to China. The authors claim that countering China has become “the starting point” for U.S. policymaking in Latin America, as evidenced by a flurry of official statements, legislative activities, resource reallocation, and broad-based government initiatives. They conclude China-Latin America relations face growing uncertainty due to U.S. efforts to exclude China from the region, which they say could harm the interests of the United States, China, and Latin America alike.
Song Junying, a researcher at the China Institute of International Studies, examines the evolution and resurgence of the U.S. Monroe Doctrine, arguing that U.S. policy toward Latin America has consistently been characterized by a logic of exclusionism and interventionism. Song describes six historical stages of the doctrine, from its “emerging assertiveness” in the 18th century to a “forceful return” as the “New Monroe Doctrine” under President Trump. He observes that the New Monroe Doctrine prioritizes migration enforcement, security intervention, tariff coercion, ideological division, expansionist ambitions, and suppression of China’s presence in the region. However, Song argues that the “New Monroe Doctrine” will create only limited disruptions for China-Latin America relations and that the strong driving force of China’s bilateral relationships with countries in the region will persist.
This is one of five pieces published by the Journal of Latin American Studies as part of a compendium titled “The ‘New Monroe Doctrine’ and China-U.S.-Latin America Relations.” The other four pieces are also available on the Interpret: China platform.
Xing Guangcheng, a leading scholar on borderlands and Sino-Russian relations at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, argues U.S. strategy towards China has shifted from “engagement plus containment” to comprehensive containment, creating unprecedented challenges for China in its periphery. He urges China to “re-create” its peripheral environment by reshaping rather than merely preserving favorable conditions, with the Belt and Road Initiative as the key platform. Stressing the importance of soft power and people-to-people ties to counter the “China threat” narrative, Xing highlights SCO, ASEAN, and BRICS as “levers” for regional cooperation that can help China resist U.S. encirclement and achieve long-term rejuvenation.
Wang Junsheng of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS) highlights China’s achievements in work on periphery affairs since 2012. He credits Chinese president Xi Jinping with elevating leader-to-leader diplomacy and deepening economic integration through trade, multilateral mechanisms, and major projects such as the Jakarta–Bandung high-speed railway and China–Central Asia gas pipeline. Wang underscores China’s security initiatives on the Korean Peninsula, Afghanistan, and Ukraine, alongside expanded cultural and educational exchanges. Contrasting China’s cooperative vision with Western “zero-sum” theories, he warns of U.S. efforts to encircle China and rising hostility from Japan, India, and parts of Southeast Asia.
Writing after Xi Jinping’s April 2025 travel to Southeast Asia, Peking University professor Zhai Kun stresses that China’s periphery is the foundation of its security, survival, and development. He argues that the balance between the “two wheels” of work on periphery affairs—development and security—is mutually reinforcing, citing the Belt and Road as a key platform for promoting Chinese-style modernization in the periphery. Zhai observes the 2025 Central Conference on this topic elevated “periphery diplomacy” into broader “work on periphery affairs,” signaling the Party’s prioritization of China’s periphery across all domains.